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Using a model developed by Carkhuff for predicting growth in interpersonal functioning, changes over time in the behavior of counseling interns on the facilitative dimensions of empathy, regard, genuineness, and concreteness were examined. The interns having supervisors who themselves were functioning at high levels of empathy, regard, genuineness, and concreteness changed significantly and positively. The interns who had supervisors functioning at low levels on these dimensions did not change, and in fact tended to decline slightly. The implications of the importance of the individual supervisor in training were discussed in terms of demonstrating the efficacy of graduate school training in therapeutic functioning.

following a "crisis" or an inability on the part of the client to explore herself are important.Counselor B, OR the other hand, was not manipulated by the client's level of process involvement. However, rather than continuing to function consistently across the interview, he tended to function at higher levels with the introduction of the experimental period. He seemed to invest more of himself in an attempt to relate the client's impersonal expressions to very deep and personal experiences, and actually commented a number of times that he felt that the client was "running away" from significant material during period 2. It is noteworthy that during period 3 counselor B functioned a t levels significantly higher than during period 1.The results suggest that although the level of counselor-offered conditions may be determined by the counselor, the client's level of intrapersonal exploration has differential effects upon counselor-offered conditions, effects which may cancel each other out when averaged. The need for replication with larger numbers of counselors and clients is obvious and necessary. SUMMARYTwo counselors, of identical training and experience, one functioning a t high levels of empathy, respect, genuineness and concreteness and the other functioning a t low levels, were seen by a client who, unknown to the counselors, had a response set to explore herself deeply during the first third of the interview, not a t all during the middle 20 minutes and then again during the last third of the session. Objective tape ratings indicated that the low level functioning counselor functioned at levels related to the client's depth of self-exploration. The higher level functioning counselor functioned a t higher levels following the introduction of the experimental period. -_ -_ andbtratton, 1964. 3. TRIJAX, C. B. and CARKHUFF, R . R. The experimental manipulation of therapeutic conditions.

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93When the female therapists, who experienced positive affect more frequently than males, felt themselves to be noticeably lacking in expansive and nurturant feelings, their patients tended to be experiencing a heightened dependency in either an active, intrusive, or a passive form. If the greater supportive warmth and nurturance of the female therapists is to some extent reactive to their own needs for dependent gratification, then manifest dependency in their patients might well tend to be distressing. SUMMARY This study was concerned with what therapists typically feel in psychotherapy sessions, what the structure of these feelings was, and how these feeling clusters were related to the patient's experiences. In general, salient therapist feelings were role-sjmtonic. There were nine dimensions of therapist affective experience and some of these were related to patient experiences. The value of these relationships as practical cues and for a greater understanding of psychotherapy process are discussed. REFERENCES 1. F R O M M -~C H M A N N , FRIEDA. Principled of Zn(cnsiyc Puyddcrapy. Chicago: Phoenix Books, 1960. 2. HOWARD, K. I., OBLINSKY, D. E., and HILL, J. A. The patient's experience of psychotherapy: Soms dimensions and determinante. Mult. *. Rmaarch, 198?,in p m . 3. OBLINBKY, D. E. and H o w m , K. I. Dimensions of conlomt experiential process in psych+ therapy relationshi . Ptocasdings, 76th Annual Conosntum, APA, 1907,251-252. 4. OBLINSKY, D. ?and HOWARD, K. I. The exp+ence of psychothera A prce tus on the psychotherapy m i o n pro ect. Institute for Juvenlle Reeearch, Rmeurch %port, l G . 5. OBLINBKY, D. E. and bow-, K. I. Varieties of psychotherapy experience. Institute for Juvenile €'bearch Rssmtch 1968'1. 6. RAUBB, H. and BORDIN,?? Warmth in personality development and in psychotherapy. P idry, 1957 bo: 351-363. 7. %ma, C. fh&-C'&ed Therapy. Boston: Houghton-Iblifh, 1951 8. R.oym, C. A theory of thdlapy pemodity, and lnte m o d ralrrtionships, as developed in the client centered framework. In hsycidogy: A Study o$A Sciaec, V d u m 3. 9. Koch (Ed.).