Uttle has been written on cross-cultural management in Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) , despite their apparent importance in managing people through reconciling cultural influences from post-colonial, Western and local sources, and despite development NGOs' working predominantly in multicultural societies. This article provides a model for analysing cross-cultural dynamics in the management of people through a concept of cultural crossvergence and hybridisation, and by incorporating the idea of locus of human value, focusing on instrumental and humanistic views of the value of people. Hypotheses are developed regarding the appropriateness of management systems to the cultural expectations of local staff, and the consequences for motivation and commitment. Through a study of local NGOs in South Africa, as an example of management in a multicultural, developing country, there is evidence of resistance to instrumental and results-oriented principles of managing people, such as performance related reward. Rather, there is a development of hybrid management forms that incorporate local, humanistic values and expectations. Yet cross-cultural issues appear not to be addressed formally through capacity building. These initial findings have implications for the way people are managed in local NGOs, and should be noted by local managers as well as policy makers in development agencies.
This article draws on selected findings of one of a series of surveys conducted by the authors in the Eastern Cape province, dealing broadly with labour market issues. Particular attention is accorded to levels of unemployment, the extent of migrancy, the operation of extended networks of support, and survival strategies. This is followed by a brief look at perceptions of crime, and the extent to which crime is seen as an effective survival mechanism by the most marginalised. It is concluded that economic reconstruction in the province should take account of certain prevailing realities, including the operation of extended networks of support and the relative lack of mobility of the most marginalised, the limited capacity of the informal sector to absorb further numbers of the structurally unemployed, and the relative propensity of the most marginalised to engage in crime as a survival strategy.
Based on a range of documentary sources and in-depth interviews, this article focuses on the changing fortunes of Mozambique's political parties following democratization. On the one hand, most seem firmly committed to the new multi-party system, whilst the prospect of a resumption of general armed hostilities has become increasingly remote. On the other hand, there are few clear policy differentials between the major parties. Indeed, the bulk of political contestation concerns access to patronage and material resources rather than matters of principle.
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