Background: The objective is to identify the risk factors of Meconium stained deliveries and evaluate the perinatal outcomes in Meconium Stained deliveries.Methods: This prospective observational study included those pregnant women who had completed 37 weeks of gestation, with singleton pregnancies with cephalic presentations and with no known fetal congenital anomalies. Among these, we selected 110 cases with Meconium stained amniotic fluid and they were compared with 110 randomly selected controls.Results: Regular antenatal visits were seen in 22.73 % of the cases while 77.27% cases had no previous visit. Majority of cases were primigravida and gestational ages of >40 weeks was seen in 55.45 % cases. 19.09% cases had meconium staining among pregnancies complicated with pregnancy induced hypertension, as compared to those among controls (5.45%). Fetal heart rate abnormalities were seen in 29.09% cases, and statistically significant fetal bradycardia was seen in cases. Caesarean section rates were nearly double in cases (54.55%). Poor perinatal outcome was found in cases as seen in results by low Apgar score (<7) at 1 minute and 5-minute, higher incidence of birth asphyxia, Meconium Aspiration Syndrome and increased NICU admission as compared to that among controls.Conclusions: Meconium stained amniotic fluid is more commonly associated with higher gestational age >40 weeks, pregnancy induced hypertension and fetal bradycardia, increased cesarean section rates, low APGAR score and higher incidence of birth asphyxia and NICU admissions. Meconium aspiration syndrome was associated with early neonatal death.

Background: Elevated Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are characteristic of most of the allergic diseases including asthma. Most of the asthma patients are allergic to inhaled antigens and chemical antigens, which lead to their sensitization and induce a state of hypersensitivity that is IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare serum IgE levels in childhood asthmatics and in normal subjects and to obtain the relationship between serum IgE levels and severity of asthma.Methods: A stratified sample of 58 patients within the age group of 5-15 years including 36 male and 22 female asthmatic patients and 58 healthy controls within the same age group were included in this study and classified according to GINA classification 2016. Serum IgE levels were estimated by using ELISA kit.Results: Mean IgE levels ranged from 163.82 IU/mL in normal subjects to 881.81 IU/mL in asthmatics. The mean values of Serum IgE levels in mild, moderate and severe asthmatic children were 625.25 IU/mL, 871.77 IU/mL, 1225.05 IU/mL respectively.Conclusions: High Serum Immunoglobulin E levels were found in childhood asthmatics as compared to normal subjects. Serum IgE levels were found to increase as the severity of asthma increased. The variability in each grade of asthma was very large so we could not find any statistically significant correlation.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is linked to major maternal and fetal problems. The aim of the study was to find any correlation between maternal anemia and neonatal cord blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of pediatrics and department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki over 9 months from January 2021 to September 2021. A total of 308 pregnant females more than 34 weeks of gestation who delivered participated in the study and cord blood hemoglobin of their new-born was collected. The mean maternal hemoglobin and mean cord blood hemoglobin were compared using the Pearson correlation coefficient in different groups i.e., non-anemic, anemic, mild, moderate, and severe anemic groups.  Results: Out of 308 pregnant women, 198 (64.3%) were anemic, and 110 (35.7%) were nonanemic. The mean maternal hemoglobin among non-anemic mothers and anemic mothers was 11.91 (0.70) and 9.14 (1.56) respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient of non-anemic, anemic, mild, moderate, and severe anemic groups were 0.6985, 0.8453, 0.7772, 0.6321, and 0.7226 respectively with a statistically significant p value<0.05 showing a positive correlation between maternal hemoglobin and cord hemoglobin.Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that maternal anemia affects neonatal cord blood hemoglobin. According to the findings, anemic women deliver new-born with lower hemoglobin levels than non-anemic mothers. The findings revealed a linear correlation between maternal hemoglobin and cord blood hemoglobin of their new-born.

Background:Lipid imbalance when diagnosed in childhood, can forecast the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood and its complications. Therefore, early detection of dyslipidemia should begin in childhood and it should lead to long-term prevention of atherosclerosis by controlling the risk factors. The Objectives of the study were to study lipid profile of children in the age group of 10-19 years and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among them.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 300 children aged 10 to 19 years, of either sex, from schools of Barabanki. After getting consent from school authorities, children and their parents, a detailed history was taken with a pre-designed pro forma and fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile.Results:Mean total cholesterol (TC) for boys and girls were 161.06±33.14 mg/dl and 164.68±33.53 mg/dl, LDL-C 99.35±27.41 mg/dl and 101.71±26.44 mg/dl, HDL-C 42.76±5.78 mg/dl and 43.93±5.68 mg/dl, VLDL-C 18.94±4.47 mg/dl and 19.04±4.97 mg/dl and triglycerides (TG) 94.69±22.34 mg/dl and 95.20±24.83 mg/dl respectively. Serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C levels were higher in girls than in boys for all age groups. 26.55% boys and 25.20% girls had TC levels above 190 mg/dl. The overall results revealed that 26.0% of children had hypercholesterolemia.Conclusions:The study presents age- and sex-related findings about the dynamics of changes in serum lipid levels in children. Significant number of children had hypercholesterolemia.

Background: The low-middle income countries continue to contribute to a high proportion of neonatal and child mortality globally. The reduction in mortality rates requires low-cost interventions such as early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF). The study objective was to improve the rate of EIBF in all the healthy term newborns born in our institute from a baseline rate of 10% to at least 70% over 3 months through a quality improvement (QI) approach. Methods: This study was conducted in the labor room and operation theatre of a tertiary care center in Uttar Pradesh. All the healthy term mother-newborn pairs born in the study period were included and the Point Of Care Quality Improvement model was followed. After the baseline assessment of the problem, a QI team was formed which did the root-cause analysis and generated the change ideas to be implemented by small Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles initially then systematically expanded to the larger level. Outcome Measure: The effect of a PDSA cycle was measured by the percentage of newborns breastfed within the first hour of birth at the end of each cycle. Results: The EIBF improved from the baseline rate of 10% to 70.5% at the end of 5 PDSA cycles and was maintained at 70.7% during the sustainability phase. Conclusion: The QI approach can be utilized to improve EIBF, while the sustainability depends on continuous efforts like education programs, counselling, and supportive supervision. The inclusion of simulation-based training for staff can build confidence and improve results.

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