Purpose:To validate the smartphone photography as a screening tool for amblyogenic conditions in children.Methods:Children between 5 to 8 years attending eye out patient department (OPD) were photographed (by an optometrist) with a smartphone to capture their pupillary red reflexes followed by clinical examination by the principal investigator (PI). The PI on the basis of clinical examination identified children with significant amblyogenic conditions and, subsequently, two ophthalmologists independently categorized the photographs on the basis of color, symmetry, and shape of the pupillary reflex into normal or abnormal. The identification of amblyogenic conditions on clinical examination was compared to that on photography. Refractive errors <3D and anisometropia <2D were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of smartphone photography screening were determined.Results:In all, 250 children were screened. Clinically 23.6% were harboring amblyogenic conditions. The mean sensitivity and specificity of screening by smartphone were 94% and 91%, respectively.Conclusion:Smartphone photography is a reliable tool for detection of amblyogenic conditions in children.
Introduction: The World Health Organization in 1971 first classified fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) as cementum forming tumors of jaws as ossifying fibroma (OF), cement-osseous dysplasia, and fibrous dysplasia. Various theories have been put forward regarding the origin of cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) but current interests are oriented toward traumatic and developmental etiologies. The COFs are a slow-growing osteoexpansile tumor which grows to a considerable size. The tumor usually arises from tooth bearing and periodontal ligament region basically of odontogenic origin. Background: An inordinate, bony hard swelling, present united in both the jaws showing radiopaque-radiolucent mass, corticated margins, with expansion of buccal as well as lingual cortex gives a delusional image for the provisional diagnosis for surgeon, particularly to decide the surgical approach. These traits showing similarity with FOLs, more particularly cemento-OF, owing to its odontogenic or periodontal origin. Case Report: In this case, a 42-year-old female presented with abovementioned features was first taken for biopsy and then planned for simultaneous surgical resection of pathology for both jaws, from an intraoral approach giving a scar-free result. Preclusion of immediate complications was dealt with reconstruction of mandible with 2.5-mm titanium reconstruction plate. Conclusion: The diagnosis of cement-OF is based on clinical-radiographic-histopathologic evaluation. If remain untreated, these tumor can grow up to an average size of 80 mm, therefore, demanding an early surgical intervention. In our case, intraoral approach leads to almost no residual fibrosed tissue. The patient is further being planned for rehabilitation with either free fibula graft or 3-dimensional mandibular prosthesis.
Background and Introduction: Maxillofacial fractures are less common in children. Mandibular fractures are less in children because of the protective anatomy in them. Management of the pediatric fracture depends on the type and severity of the fracture displacement. It can vary from conservative management with acrylic splint and arch bar fixation to surgical exposure of the fracture site with internal fixation. Special consideration is needed in children for the interferences of growth and developing tooth buds while going for the surgical management. The hardware for internal fixation can be made up of either titanium or bioresorbable material. Case Presentation: Here is the presentation of a case of a 7-year-old male patient who had a history of trauma because of falling from a tractor while playing, 2 days back from reporting. He had multiple mandibular fractures with extensive soft tissue laceration. Following the emergency tracheostomy, he was managed with open reduction and internal fixation of the compound mandibular fracture. Conclusion: Displaced mandibular fractures require open reduction and internal fixation of the fractured fragments with either titanium or biodegradable hardware. Open reduction also shortens the period of intermaxillary fixation and hence reduces the possibility of the development of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis.
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