Smartphone photography for screening amblyogenic conditions in children

Gupta, Richa; Agrawal, Siddharth; Srivastava, Rajat M; Singh, Vinita; Katiyar, Vishal

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2090_18

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…However, more studies need to be performed to investigate any correlation between early fundus findings and final visual impairment. Smartphone photography for the detection of amblyogenic conditions in children 5-8 years of age, through snaps of pupillary red reflexes, was the objective of Gupta et al [ 45 ] trial. All high refractive errors were detected with success, however, moderate errors revealed false negative results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the contribution of RRT in pediatric visual screening could be more promising in the future. New technologies based on red reflex may improve RRT’s weak points[ 38 , 45 , 53 ]. Further investigation of these new devices and development of appropriate software is required in order to improve RRT accuracy on pediatric ocular diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Toli¹,

Perente²,

Labiris³

2021

WJM

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BACKGROUND Red reflex test (RRT) is a simple, non-invasive method that can be performed easily by pediatricians during the clinical examination in neonatal period, infancy and childhood. Abnormal reflexes can lead to prompt diagnosis of several ocular disorders, with potentially severe consequences on patient’s vision, cognitive function and even life. AIM To underline the contribution of pediatricians to early detection of vision and life threatening diseases by using RRT effectively. METHODS For the present systematic review, PubMed searches were performed using the key words “red reflex and newborn”; “red reflex and neonate”; “red reflex and complications”; “red reflex and necessity”; “red reflex and retinoblastoma”; “red reflex and congenital cataract”; “red reflex and glaucoma”; “red reflex and prematurity”; “red reflex and leukocoria”; “red reflex and blindness”; “red reflex sensitivity and specificity”; “red reflex and differential diagnosis”; “red reflex and guidelines”. The relevant articles were selected without language restrictions. When a full-text publication was not available, their English abstracts were used. In some cases, studies from the reference lists of the selected articles provided useful information. The research took place in September 2020, in the Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Alexandroupolis. RESULTS A total of 45 articles were selected according to the used key words. After reviewing data from these articles, it is supported that red reflex remains an effective tool of undeniable importance for early detection of severe eye conditions, such as cataract, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity and glaucoma. Although literature reports some limitations of RRT, including a notable percentage of false positive tests, the inability to detect small, peripheral retinoblastomas and the lower sensitivity for posterior segment pathology, it is widely accepted that the benefits from the regular evaluation of the test on public health are significant. Therefore, RRT has been established by international guidelines and should be an essential component of pediatricians clinical practice. Red reflex implementation should be incorporated in pediatricians educational programs, so that they would be able to provide quality services and safe diagnoses. CONCLUSION The implementation of RRT should be encouraged in all neonatal/pediatric departments. Prompt education of pediatricians should be empowered in order to achieve careful vision screening, according to current guidelines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician

Toli¹,

Perente²,

Labiris³

2021

WJM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated the accuracy of smartphones for photorefractive screening [30,53,54]. Gupta et al [53] utilized smartphone photography to screen for amblyogenic factors and found that all high refractive errors ≥5 D were successfully detected, although moderate refractive errors (3.25-5.00 D) revealed false negatives. However, the authors excluded low refractive errors due to the red reflex appearing normal, and the total number of subjects with a moderate or high refractive error was only 22, thereby limiting the applicability of their results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Refractive Error Estimation Using Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Red Reflex Images

Linde,

Chalakkal,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Purpose/Background: We evaluate how a deep learning model can be applied to extract refractive error metrics from pupillary red reflex images taken by a low-cost handheld fundus camera. This could potentially provide a rapid and economical vision-screening method, allowing for early intervention to prevent myopic progression and reduce the socioeconomic burden associated with vision impairment in the later stages of life. Methods: Infrared and color images of pupillary crescents were extracted from eccentric photorefraction images of participants from Choithram Hospital in India and Dargaville Medical Center in New Zealand. The pre-processed images were then used to train different convolutional neural networks to predict refractive error in terms of spherical power and cylindrical power metrics. Results: The best-performing trained model achieved an overall accuracy of 75% for predicting spherical power using infrared images and a multiclass classifier. Conclusions: Even though the model’s performance is not superior, the proposed method showed good usability of using red reflex images in estimating refractive error. Such an approach has never been experimented with before and can help guide researchers, especially when the future of eye care is moving towards highly portable and smartphone-based devices.

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“…Modern technologies are being increasingly applied. Smart phones can be used to provide convenient and effective eye screening for children [ 8 , 9 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%