The world is passing through an unparalleled crisis, named COVID-19. The world economy is surrounded by it, and therefore on a daily basis, there are many updates in the situation, which is rapidly changing the status of the nation’s worldwide. Some are on the verge of survival, some are trying to get the makeover and some are facing turmoil. In order to overcome this situation, the leaders of the different countries had to plan the strategies to deal with this current situation. Therefore, this paper is focused upon determining the different leadership styles followed by the leaders of the different countries and the effectiveness of these leadership styles in handling the COVID-19 situation. Both primary and secondary data has been collected for the research. This research would encourage the academicians, researchers, management students, corporate managers and employees etc. to understand the impact of different leadership styles followed by the leaders to control any devastating situation that could shatter the economy of any nation. This research would help develop the proper understanding of the different leadership styles and its implementation for determining the effectiveness of the different leadership styles in handling this uncontrollable situation.
This book chapter aims to provide a conceptual basis for the use of point-of-care (POC) testing, and lays the fundamental groundwork for transitioning to a new evidence-based approach where POC testing will be used outside the hospital environment for screening, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring in emergency and disaster medicine. Six fundamental principles are presented (solution, balance, efficiency, evidence, integration, and synthesis), and examples of 4 value propositions, which are presented as practical recommendations, are reviewed. The value propositions include reducing therapeutic turnaround time (TTAT) to speed critical paths; using POC testing in high impact sites during emergencies and disasters; optimizing practitioner experience with POC testing; and, assessing POC testing in context.
This research starts with a premise, whether significant difference in perceived service quality (PSQ) exist within demographic characteristics of online shoppers, such as education, age, gender, monthly income, occupation and marital status. Web survey has been administered to 308 online shoppers of four most popular e-retailers in India, who have made at least one online purchase in past six months. Hypotheses have been formulated on the basis of panoptic literature review of six demographic factors i.e. education, age, income, occupation, marital status and gender. Kruskal-Wallis (H Test) and Mann-Whitney Test have been used to check difference in PSQ within different demographic factors. No significant difference in PSQ within different demographic factors has been found, except within different occupational categories. Subsequent post hoc test elucidated significant difference within business-service and business-student groups, however there was no significant difference within service-student groups.
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