Most environmental problems are rooted in human behaviour, especially consumption. While not consuming is not an option, it would help if all consumption could be measured for environmental responsibility. This study conceptualizes and operationalizes environmentally responsible consumption (ERC), and develops a standardized scale for measuring the same. Depth interviews, blog data analysis, and customer surveys were conducted to develop a standardized 38-item ERC scale that captures ten unique behaviours pertaining to acquisition, use, and disposal. The scale is an improvement over available measures and compares favourably on several key parameters. The ERC scale could be potentially used by governmental and non-governmental bodies, policymakers, and environmental groups, for gaining insights into current consumption behaviours of the general public or specific target groups, identifying specific behaviour/s that need improvement, and targeting and tracking such behaviours over time. It could also be used by businesses for identifying opportunities in green products and/or services. a Factors are described in Appendix A. FG = frugality; GCV = green consumption value.
532S. Gupta and R. Agrawal
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of closure of subtotal perforation by tympanoplasty using underlay technique with the perichondrium/temporalis fascia graft supported by single cartilage slice anteriorly. Our hypothesis was that the cartilage support, single slice, offers an extremely reliable method for reconstruction of the tympanic membrane in cases of advanced middle ear pathology and Eustachian tube dysfunction. Retrospective and prospective study of patient undergoing tympanoplasty in subtotal perforation with graft supported by a slice of cartilage between March 2000 and October 2005. Intact perichondrium/temporalis fascia was placed as graft in subtotal perforation, supported by a slice of cartilage. Slice was placed anteriorly from hypotympanum to anterior part of attic. It does not obstruct Eustachian tube opening, as it is curved with concavity facing towards medial wall and lined by perichondrium without any raw area, which prevents adhesion formation. Hearing results were reported using four frequency (500, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000) pure tone average air-bone gap. During the study period, perichondrium/temporalis fascia graft with support of cartilage slice was used for tympanic membrane reconstruction in 94 patients. Overall graft take rate was 98.94 %. In 95.74 % of patients of different types of tympanoplasty achieved hearing level of 30 dB or less. Complications included residual perforation in (1.06 %), infection or gaping of wound in 2 (2.13 %). Cartilage slice support offers an extremely reliable method for reconstruction of tympanic membrane in cases of high-risk perforation (subtotal perforation, retraction pocket, cholesteatoma, anterior perforation of tympanic membrane).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.