Data privacy concerns are increasing significantly in the context of Internet of Things, cloud services, edge computing, artificial intelligence applications, and other applications enabled by next generation networks. Homomorphic Encryption addresses privacy challenges by enabling multiple operations to be performed on encrypted messages without decryption. This paper comprehensively addresses homomorphic encryption from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The paper delves into the mathematical foundations required to understand fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). It consequently covers design fundamentals and security properties of FHE, and describes the main FHE schemes based on various mathematical problems. On a more practical level, the paper presents a view on privacypreserving Machine Learning using homomorphic encryption, then surveys FHE at length from an engineering angle, covering the potential application of FHE in fog computing, and cloud computing services. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of existing state-of-the-art FHE libraries and tools, implemented in software and hardware, and the performance thereof.
5G networks are planned to become main infrastructure for security verticals such as disaster relief, humanitarian aid, governmental and defence communications. Especially, in case of defence services, there are complex areas, where coverage and connectivity are not reliable or completely absent. Thus, the deployment of drones as mobile base stations also needs the design of a system for reliable backhaul, based on satellites. However, baseband unit (devoted to baseband signal processing at radio access network) on drones is not a flexible solution, which may require great power supply and processing capabilities, a drone can hardly host. This work studies and designs a cloud radio access network system based on mobile base stations and CubeSats, where baseband units are virtualised on low-cost satellites. In particular, the work takes advantage of split of virtual baseband unit in order to virtualise upper layers on CubeSats while guaranteeing the satisfaction of technical requirements.
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