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In Brazil, Meloidogyne mayaguensis has become a threat to guava production. Approximately a third of the cultivated area is infested, leading almost inevitably to the decimation of the orchards. Because parasitized trees develop rotten roots as the disease progresses, the possibility that a soil‐borne pathogen could be involved was investigated. From several nematode‐free or nematode‐infested orchards, nearly 2000 root fragments were tested for bacteria and fungi. Positive isolations were obtained from nematode‐infested areas only and were predominantly identified as Fusarium sp. In a 5‐month microplot experiment, guava seedlings were uninoculated (control) or were inoculated with M. mayaguensis only or with this nematode and 21 days later with one of 11 Fusarium sp. isolates. A Scott–Knot analysis of several vegetative variables and of the extent of root rot allowed the generation of a dissimilarity dendrogram that indicated that four Fusarium sp. isolates were particularly associated with damage to the seedlings. Upon identification of these isolates as Fusarium solani, a 6‐month microplot experiment was set up, in which guava seedlings were uninoculated or were inoculated with one of the following: (i) M. mayaguensis only, (ii) four F. solani isolates, separately, (iii) four F. solani isolates separately, combined with physical injury of the roots with a knife, (iv) M. mayaguensis, and 21 days later with four F. solani isolates, separately. No root rot and virtually no effect on all variables were observed in the seedlings inoculated with the fungus isolates, with or without physical injury. Major root rot and a negative effect on all variables were observed in the seedlings inoculated with M. mayaguensis and all four F. solani isolates. This characterizes guava decline as a complex disease caused by the synergistic effect of these organisms, in which parasitism by the nematode predisposes the plants to root decay caused by the fungus.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética entre 20 acessos de Psidium spp. (UENF 1830 a UENF 1849, UENF- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense) por marcadores RAPD. Vinte e oito primers foram utilizados, gerando um total de 157 bandas. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD foram capazes de revelar a existência de diversidade entre os 20 acessos de Psidium. Para a interpretação dos dados, o índice Nei e Li foi utilizado. Com base na análise do agrupamento hierárquico UPGMA e o método de otimização Tocher, essa diversidade pôde ser observada pela presença de acessos similares e divergentes

ResumoQuarenta e sete acessos de Psidium spp. foram avaliados em casa de vegetação quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii, visando ao desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos e cultivares resistentes. Cinco a sete mudas de cada acesso foram produzidas por propagação vegetativa ou a partir de sementes e, no estádio de quatro pares de folhas, foram submetidas à inoculação com 500 ovos desse nematoide. Cento e trinta e cinco dias após, extraiu-se metade do sistema radicular das plantas (cortado ao longo de seu eixo longitudinal) para extração de ovos. As mudas foram replantadas com as raízes restantes e mantidas vivas em casa de vegetação. As contagens de ovos foram feitas em três alíquotas de 1 mL/planta, e multiplicadas por dois para obtenção da população final (Pf). As Pf's de todas as alíquotas foram submetidas a ANOVA, a qual indicou diferenças significativas (p<0,01) entre acesssos e entre plantas de mesmo acesso. A classificação dos acessos quanto à resistência foi feita pelo fator de reprodução (FR=Pf/500). Todas as plantas do araçazeiro (P. cattleyanum) (acessos 115 e 116) foram resistentes (FR<1) a M. enterolobii, enquanto que em outros araçás e goiabas houve um número variável de indivíduos com FR abaixo ou pouco acima de 1. Estas plantas serão multiplicadas vegetativamente e reavaliadas quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii.Palavras-chave: nematoide de galhas, declínio da goiabeira, goiaba, araçá. Assessment of Psidium spp. accessions for resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobiiAbstract Forty-seven accessions of Psidium spp. were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for resistance to M. enterolobii, as part of an effort to develop resistant rootstocks and cultivars. For each accession, five to seven plants were produced from stem cuttings or from true seeds and, at the stage of four pairs of leaves, they were inoculated with 500 nematode eggs. One hundred and thirty-five days later, the plants were removed from the pots and half of root system was processed for extraction of eggs. The plants were replanted with the remaining roots. The egg counts, obtained from three 1 mL aliquots per plant, were multiplied by two to obtain the final nematode population (Pf). The Pf values of all aliquots were submitted to ANOVA, which revealed significant differences among accessions and among plants of the same accession. The plants were classified as resistant or susceptible based on the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/500). All plants of cattley guava (P. cattleyanum) (accessions 115 and 116) were resistant (RF <1) to M. enterolobii, while other Psidium spp. presented some plants with RF below or just above 1. These plants will be propagated and reassessed for resistance to M. enterolobii.

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