RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar padrões de crescimento e de produção de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) com os graus-dias e disponibilidade hídrica, durante os cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca, na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Alagoano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental de Agrometeorologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo-AL, num solo classificado como Latossolo Amarelo coeso argissólico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos cazualizados com cinco repetições e quatro tratamentos: variedades RB92579, RB931530, RB93509 e SP79-1011. As variáveis da cultura utilizadas foram: perfilhamento, altura da planta, índice de área foliar (IAF), acúmulo de matéria seca no colmo e produção final. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias de perfilhamento das variedades em todas as épocas amostradas, de forma geral o maior perfilhamento foi observado na variedade RB92579. O crescimento das plantas apresentou curvas de formato sigmoidal, com três fases distintas. Na fase de estabelecimento da cultura, apesar de ter ocorrido ótima disponibilidade hídrica, o crescimento foi lento. Na fase de crescimento vegetativo as plantas não cresceram em potencial, porque houve deficiências hídricas. A fase final ocorreu entre 1500 e 2015 GD na canaplanta e 950 e 1800 GD na cana-soca. A variedade RB92579 alcançou valores de IAF superiores a 3, logo aos 600 GD nos dois ciclos, permanecendo o restante dos ciclos acima desse valor, contribuindo para uma melhor eficiência no uso da água e para o maior acúmulo de matéria seca. Termos para indexação: Crescimento, variedades, perfilhamento, variáveis meteorológicas, Saccharum officinarum L. ABSTRACTThis work had the aim of evaluating the growth standard and yield of different sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties with meteorogical parameter, during the plant and ratoon crop cane in Mesas regions of Alagoas. This work was carried out in an experimental area of Agrometeorology used a randomized outline with five repetition and four treatments: varieties RB92579, RB931530, SP79-1011 e RB93509, in the Agrarian Center of University Federal of Alagoas in Northeast of Brazil, Rio Largo AL, in a United Argissolico Yellow Latossolo soil. The plant parameter utilized to measure the growth were: tillering, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry mater accumulation in stalk and yield sugarcane. No differences were observed among tillering media from varieties in all samplings, and in general, the variety RB92579 obtained the biggest tillering. The sugarcane growth showed sigmoidal shape curve, with three different phases. In the crop initial phase, although it occurred great water conditions the sugarcane growth was slow. In the elongation phase the sugarcane didn t grow in potential, due the occurred water deficit in this phase. The last phase occurred between 1500 e 2015 GD in plant cane and 950 e 1800 GD in ratoon crop. The variety RB92579 obtained LAI values of 3 very early (in 600 GD), this contribu...
Determining actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) is paramount for irrigation management. The principal measurement methods and physical models generally require crop and weather data that are not readily available. We determined the crop coefficient (Kc) of sweet oranges during the initial development stage and evaluated the performance of the Poulovassilis semi-empirical model coupled with a simple soil water balance for estimating the ETa. The ETa was inferred from the variation in the soil water content over time, measured by time-domain reflectometry. In the Poulovassilis model, the ETa is obtained by multiplying the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) by an adjustment coefficient (ca), which accounts for a reduction in the evapotranspiration caused by soil water depletion. Soil water storage was obtained using the daily and 10-day soil water balances, computed by considering inputs and outputs of water from the system. The empirical parameter, ca, was determined using inverse modeling. The optimal ca value obtained through inverse modeling was 0.05 and 0.03 for the daily and 10-day soil water balances, respectively. The model performed better for the daily soil water balance than the 10-day balance, with performance comparable with the other ETa models. Average Kc during the sweet orange initial crop stage was 0.85.
Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to evaluate soil water deficit and water use efficiency, especially at places with irregularly distributed precipitation. The aim of this study was to assess the daily actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated by the Thornthwaite and Mather soil water balance method adapted for crops (ThM) and by the dual Kc approach with the crop coefficients optimized from inversing modeling and by the adjustment procedure suggested in FAO-56. The models comparison and optimization were performed with actual evapotranspiration determined by the Bowen ratio -energy balance method (ETβ) for sugarcane at full canopy closure grown in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The objective function of the inverse problem was defined in terms of ETβ and ETa estimated by the ThM and dual Kc method by optimizing single crop coefficient (Kc) and the basal coefficient Kcb, respectively. Both optimized Kc and Kcb were lower than the adjusted Kc FAO56, with optimized Kc only 3% less than the Kc obtained experimentally. ETa estimated by ThM and dual Kc models with optimized crop coefficients (Kc = 1.05 or Kcb = 1.00) had similar high precision (r² > 0.79) and accuracy (dm > 0.93 and RMSE < 0.30 mm d -1 ), whereas using the coefficients derived from FAO 56 overestimated ETa in both models.
Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to evaluate soil water deficit and water use efficiency, especially at places with irregularly distributed precipitation.The aim of this study was to assess the daily actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated by the Thornthwaite and Mather soil water balance method adapted for crops (ThM) and by the dual Kc approach with the crop coefficients optimized from inversing modeling and by the adjustment procedure suggested in FAO-56. The models comparison and optimization were performed with actual evapotranspiration determined by the Bowen ratio – energy balance method (ETβ) for sugarcane at full canopy closure grown in Alagoas State, Northeastern Brazil. The objective function of the inverse problem was defined in terms of ETβ and ETa estimated by the ThM and dual Kc method by optimizing single crop coefficient (Kc) and the basal coefficient Kcb, respectively. Both optimized Kcand Kcbwere lower than the adjusted KcFAO56, with optimized Kconly 3% less than the Kc obtained experimentally. ETa estimated by ThM and dual Kc models with optimized crop coefficients (Kc = 1.05 or Kcb = 1.00) had similar high precision (r² >0.79) and accuracy (dm>0.93 and RMSE < 0.30 mm d-1), whereas using the coefficients derived from FAO 56 overestimated ETa in both models.
FENOLOGIA, COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO AGRÍCOLA DO MILHO SOB LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE RIO LARGO, ALAGOAS1 MARCELO AUGUSTO DA SILVA SOARES2; IÊDO TEODORO3; SAMUEL SILVA4; ARTHUR LUAN DIAS CANTARELLI5; RICARDO ARAÚJO FERREIRA JÚNIOR3 E ALLAN HEMERSON DE MOURA5 1 O artigo foi gerado a partir da dissertação do primeiro autor. 2 Doutorando em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Tecnologia da Produção, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, marcelocico_@hotmail.com. 3 Professores do Centro de Engenharia e Ciências Agrárias (CECA), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, iedoteodoro@gmail.com; ricardo_ceca@hotmail.com. 4Professor do Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, sam_capela@hotmail.com. 5 Mestrando em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Tecnologia da Produção, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, aldcantarelli@hotmail.com; allanmoura.h@gmail.com. 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, desenvolvimento e rendimento agrícola do milho sob lâminas de irrigação, na região de Rio Largo, Alagoas. O delineamento estatístico foi blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A cultura foi irrigada por gotejamento, submetida a cinco níveis de irrigação (40, 80, 120, 160 e 200% da ETc) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 e 225 kg ha-1). A interação entre as lâminas de irrigação e as doses de nitrogênio não foi significativa, uma justificativa para isso é que o solo com umidade acima da capacidade de campo fez com que boa parte do nitrogênio tenha sido lixiviado, dessa forma, foram analisados apenas os efeitos dos tratamentos de níveis de irrigação, sem desdobramentos. Os maiores valores de altura do dossel (247,2 cm), índice de área foliar (4,4 m2 m-2), número de grãos por espiga (635 grãos), massa de grãos por espiga (195,0 g) e produtividade agrícola (8,4 t ha-1) são obtidos com lâminas de irrigação equivalente a 160% da ETc. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 38,5 kg mm-1, é obtida com lâmina total de água de 172,4 mm (40% da ETc). Palavras-chave: altura do dossel, número de grãos por espiga, massa de grãos por espiga. SOARES, M. A. S.; TEODORO, I.; SILVA, S.; CANTARELLI, A. L. D.; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, R. A.; MOURA, A. H. PHENOLOGY, PRODUCTION COMPONENTS AND AGRICULTURAL YIELD OF MAIZE UNDER IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN RIO LARGO REGION, ALAGOAS 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and agricultural yield of maize crop under irrigation depths, in Rio Largo region, Alagoas, Brazil. The statistical design was randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with twenty treatments and four replications. The crop was irrigated by drip system, submitted to five irrigation levels (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200% of the ETc) and four nitrogen fertilization doses (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N). The interaction between irrigation depths and nitrogen doses was not significant, a justification for this is that the soil with moisture above the field capacity caused the leaching of large part of the nitrogen, and so, only the effects of the irrigation levels were analyzed, without unfolding. The highest values of canopy height (247.2 cm), leaf area index (4.4 m2 m-2), number of grains per ear (635.0 grains), grain mass per ear (195.0 g) and agricultural yield (8.4 t ha-1) are obtained with irrigation levels equivalent to 160% of the ETc. The highest water use efficiency was 38.5 kg mm-1 obtained with total water depth of 172.4 mm (40% of the ETc). Keywords: canopy height, number of grains per ear, grain mass per ear.
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