The effectiveness of MI interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change is supported by this meta-analytic review. In consideration of these results, as well as the larger literature, MI should be considered as a treatment for adolescent substance use.

CBFLIs demonstrated efficacy for improving weight outcomes in youths who are overweight or obese.

The widespread successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into community mental health settings will require a thorough understanding of practitioner attitudes toward these approaches. This study reports on the results of two community mental health practitioner focus groups investigating attitudes toward EBPs, perceived challenges to implementing EBPs, and recommendations for researchers interested in facilitating EBP use in community settings. The participants were child and adolescent mental health professionals (N=19) from two community mental health centers. The focus groups were taped, transcribed and coded for themes. Major themes included concerns regarding the applicability of some research supporting EBPs, a desire for a greater emphasis on the therapeutic relationship, and the need for flexibility within treatment protocols. Themes are discussed within the context of the recent movement toward implementing EBPs in community settings and recent research related to focus group themes.

In light of the recent movement toward evidence-based practice (EBP) in mental health services, practitioner adoption of EBPs in clinical settings has emerged as an important area for study. This paper reports on the results of a national online survey of mental health practitioners in an attempt to identify correlates of self-reported EBP use in practice. The survey consisted of 214 mental health practitioners from 15 states drawn from a diverse set of clinical settings and representing a variety of theoretical orientations. The results indicated that practitioner training (i.e., taking a class in EBPs), the perceived openness of the clinical setting toward EBPs, and the practitioner's attitudes toward treatment research were significant predictors of self-reported EBP use. The relationship between clinical setting and EBP use was partially mediated by attitudes toward treatment research. Negative attitudes toward treatment research partially mediated the relationship between practitioner training and self-reported EBP use. The findings are presented within the context of efforts to increase EBP use in clinical settings and implications for clinical training, treatment research, and EBP dissemination efforts are discussed.

As expected, the use of focus group methodology yielded evidence of barriers to communication that had not been previously identified in the literature, as well as those that had been well documented. Consistent with a socioecological view of pediatric healthcare, results suggest a number of systems that could be targeted to improve nurses' weight-related communications with families.

Physical activity is associated with broad physical and psychological benefits in children and adolescents. One construct which may universally characterize functioning across various pediatric populations is health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A number of studies have found positive associations between physical activity and HRQOL; however, to date no systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity and HRQOL has successfully quantified effects in children and adolescents. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts identified 1081 relevant, non-duplicate articles. Out of these possible articles, 33 studies, including both descriptive and pre-post intervention designs, met inclusion criteria and were included in effect size analyses. In descriptive studies, there was a small, positive effect of physical activity on HRQOL based on child-reports (Hedge's g = .302, p < .001) and a negligible effect based on parent-proxy reports (Hedge's g =.115, p =.101). In intervention studies, there was a small, positive effect of physical activity intervention on HRQOL based on child-reports (Hedge's g = .279, p = .014) and a medium, positive effect based on parent-proxy reports (Hedge's g = .522, p = .012). However, effects are attenuated by removal of a single intervention study. Overall, these findings supported the primary hypothesis that increased levels of physical activity would be related to better HRQOL in youth, although the magnitude of these effects did not represent a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in most studies. Hypothesized moderators, including chronic disease status, weight status, sex, and study rigor, did not significantly moderate the relationship between physical activity and HRQOL. Exploratory analyses did not find intervention contact hours or age to moderate the effect of exercise on HRQOL. Future studies are needed to assess HRQOL in youth before and after high-quality exercise interventions to quantify the type, frequency, iv duration, and intensity of physical activity needed to change HRQOL to a clinically meaningful level. Although effects were small and analyses were limited, this study represents the first meta-analysis of physical activity and HRQOL across pediatric populations and may serve as a guide for future studies.

eHealth interventions that incorporate behavioral methods (e.g., self-monitoring, goal setting, immediate feedback, contingency management) produce larger effect sizes for health behaviors and their associated outcomes than interventions that rely solely on education.

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an empirically supported intervention that has shown