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An experiment was conducted at Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) Mardan Station, during winter 2010-2011 to investigate the "Humic acids affect the bulb production of onion cultivars". The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Humic levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1) were allotted to main plots, while cultivars (Swat-1, NARC and Parachinar Local) were subjected to sub plots. Full dose of phosphorous (90 kg ha-1), potash (60 kg ha-1) and half dose of nitrogen (60 kg ha-1) were applied before transplanting while the remaining half dose of nitrogen (60 kg ha-1) was applied after 25 days of interval. The growth and yield parameters of onion cultivars were significantly influenced by various levels of humic, as cultivar Parachinar Local showed more neck height (7.5 cm), plant height (80.9 cm), bulb weight (94.2 g), yield plot-1 (22.9 kg) and total yield ha-1 (36.1 tons) whereas 2 kg ha-1 of humic significantly increased neck height (7.6 cm), plant height (75.3 cm), bulb weight (96.4 g), yield plot-1 (22.4 kg) and total yield ha-1 (35.86 tons), a non significant response was recorded for survival percentage. In interaction of onion cultivars × humic level indicated that Parachinar Local, fertilized with 2 kg ha-1 humic showed best performance for most of the growth and yield parameters. It is concluded that onion cultivar Parachinar Local and application of humic at 2 kg ha-1 resulted in higher growth and yield for onion.

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Callogenesis and organogenesis of ovary of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Blood red was carried on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of N 6 benzyl adenine (BA), 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-D. 1 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA on MS medium was the most effective in callus induction and proliferation. Maximum number of shoots (11) was recorded on the medium with 2 mg/l NAA + 3 mg/l BA. The best medium for root induction was MS together with 2.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), where maximum (16) plantlets were rooted. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in jiffy pots containing sterilized soil mixture of sand, silt and clay in 1:1:1 ratio to study their response to in vivo conditions.

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