No abstract

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the individual factors influencing the sperm quality of Bali bulls at Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI) center. Materials and Methods: Semen that was ejaculated from nine Bali bulls was collected using artificial vaginas (n=5/bull). Semen ejaculates were evaluated immediately after collection to measure the quality of the fresh semen, including semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, membrane integrity (MI), and abnormal morphology. Frozen semen was evaluated for progressive sperm motility, concentration, viability, MI, abnormal morphology, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. Other secondary data, focusing on semen quantity (semen volume and sperm concentration), were also collected from frozen the semen production data of the Baturiti AI center from 2017 to 2019. Data were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design, and one-way analysis of variance was applied to find differences among individual bulls. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were found among the bulls in semen volume, sperm motility, concentration, and MI of the fresh semen. Significant differences (p<0.05) were also found among the bulls in sperm motility, viability, MI, abnormal morphology, and DNA fragmentation of the frozen semen. Conclusion: Individual variation in all the tested sperm parameters of the fresh semen of Bali bulls, except sperm viability and abnormalities, was noted. Similarly, individual variation in all the tested sperm parameters in frozen semen, except sperm concentration, was noted. Therefore, individual factors can be used for selecting a superior bull in Bali cattle.

Bali cattle are one of the native cattle breeds in Indonesia as a meat producer. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between body weight and scrotal circumference and sperm quantity of Bali bulls. To accomplish this objective, primary and secondary data of Bali bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI) Center, Bali from 2017 to 2019 were used in this research, consisted of scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), semen volume (SV) and sperm concentration (SCon) (n = 9 bulls in productive age). Total Number Sperm (TNS) was calculated multiply value of SV and SCon. The data were analyzed statistically using Correlation Pearson Square. There was no significant correlation among body weight, scrotal circumference, and sperm quantity of Bali bulls in this research (P>0.05). Low positive correlation was found between BW with SC (0.296), very low positive correlation with SV (0.049), very low negative correlation with SCon (−0.089) and moderate positive correlation with TNS (0.427). Moreover, SC showed low negative correlation with SCon (−0.202), very low negative correlation with SV (−0.028) and low positive correlation with TNS (0.286). In conclusion, BW showed positive correlation SC, SV and TNS, but showed a negative correlation SCon. SC had positive correlation with TNS but they showed negative correlation with SV and SCon of Bali bulls.

<p>Genetic improvement in beef and dairy cattle which can increase meat and milk production can be conducted through livestock selection based on molecular technique using leptin gene. The leptin gene is located on the fourth chromosome and consists of three exons and two introns. The leptin gene serves to produce the leptin hormone secreted by fat tissue. High concentrations of leptin hormone can increase feed intake and body metabolism thereby increasing livestock productivity. This paper describes the leptin gene including structure, mechanism of leptin hormone and polymorphisms in cows. These polymorphisms occur in the promoter, intron and exon sections associated with body and carcass weight and milk production in some cattle breed. Therefore, leptin gene can be used for selection towards increasing cattle productivity. Utilization of leptin gene can be done by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification on the whole structure of leptin gene and to observe its effect on characteristics of cattle production in Indonesia.</p>

This study aimed to analyze various alterations in the morphology of the sperm head and its association with nucleus instability and insufficient sperm protamine. Frozen-thawed semen from twenty local Indonesian bulls was used for all stages in this study. The results of sperm head defect assessments are used for bull grouping, high (HD) and low (LD). Sperm DNA damage was assessed using Acridine Orange and Halomax. The PRM1 protein abundance was carried out using an enzyme immunoassay, while PRM1 gene expression was carried out using the RT-qPCR. PRM deficiency was performed using CMA3. Several kinds of sperm head defects in the HD were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the LD bulls. Sperm DNA damage showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between the HD and LD bulls. PRM1 abundance was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in HD bulls. PRM deficiency was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in HD bulls than in LD bulls. PRM deficiency in bulls correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with sperm head defects, DNA damage, and PRM1 abundance. The lack of sperm protamine might affect the sperm nucleus’s stability and induce morphological alterations in the sperm head.

Peningkatan populasi dan mutu ternak, khususnya sapi dan kerbau dilakukan melalui program inseminasi buatan (IB). Angka kebuntingan hasil IB di Indonesia, relatif masih rendah, salah satunya diduga disebabkan oleh fertilitas pejantan. Program IB di Indonesia menggunakan semen beku yang diproduksi oleh Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB). Standar evaluasi semen bagi pejantan yang digunakan sesuai SNI masih mengacu pada konsentrasi, motilitas pra dan pasca thawing serta skor individu. Perkembangan terbaru menunjukkan bahwa parameter uji tersebut tidak lagi memadai. Protein dan gen pada spermatozoa dan seminal plasma pejantan dapat menjadi kandidat alat bantu "akurat" untuk menentukan fertilitas pejantan sesuai keberhasilan IB di lapangan. Policy brief ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagiPemerintah dan BIB dalam pengembangan dan pengaplikasian penanda fertilitas berbasis molekuler sebagai alat bantu "akurat" dalam proses seleksi dan kebijakan pengafkiran pejantan sapi yang akan digunakan untuk IB. Dengan demikian, efisiensi penggunaan pejantan unggul di berbagai Balai Inseminasi Buatan, baik Nasional maupun Daerah di Indonesia dapat dioptimalkan.

Nowadays, selection of superior male candidates in livestock as a source of frozen semen based on sperm quality at the cellular level is not considered accurate enough for predicting the potential of male fertility. Sperm transcriptome analysis approaches, such as messenger RNA levels, have been shown to correlate with fertility rates. Using this technology in livestock growth has become the principal method, which can be widely applied to predict male fertility potential in the livestock industry through the analysis of the sperm transcriptome. It provides the gene expression to validate the function of sperm in spermatogenesis, fertilization, and embryo development, as the parameters of male fertility. This review proposes a transcriptomic analysis approach as a high-throughput method to predict the fertility potential of livestock more accurately in the future.

The aim of this study was to examine semen characteristics of IPB-D1 roosters. A total of 15 IPB-D1 roosters were used in this study, healthy, aged between 6 to 9 months, body weight between 1.2-2.0 kg and placed in individual cages 50 cm × 50 cm × 90 cm. Semen were collected using massage techniques on the back and cloaca rooster. Before collection, cloaca is cleaned using tissue that has been moistened with physiological NaCl solution. The evaluation parameters of semen are macroscopically including volume, color, consistency and pH and microscopic include mass movements, spermatozoa motility (%), spermatozoa morphology (%), concentration and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate. The results showed the semen volume of IPB-D1 was 0.10 ± 0.07 mL, milky white in colour, moderate and dense in concistency and pH 6.97 ± 0.27, Microscopic characteristics of IPB-D1 roosters showed mass spermatozoa movement of 2.73 ± 0.46, spermatozoa motility and concentration were 75.00 ± 6.27% and 3257.50 ± 1303.141×106/mL respectively. It was concluded that IPB-D1 roosters produced good semen quality.