Background:This study was performed in response to the rapid propagation of HIV/AIDS across Iran and its status in this region. Accordingly, an evidence-based program is required to combat this disease.Objectives:The present study estimated the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in East Azerbaijan (population: 3,724,000).Materials and Methods:We created a database of all positive cases from 1987 to 2012. We also analyzed and described the epidemiological status of HIV/AIDS during a 25-year period by using SPSS.Results:In East Azerbaijan, 371 HIV/AIDS cases have been reported, i.e. 1 case per 10,000 population. The vast majority of reported cases (91%, n =338) were men, whereas only 9% (n = 33) were women. The mean age of patients was 30.8 ± 12.3 years. Unsafe drug injection (59%, n = 219) and sexual interaction (13%, n = 48) were the two major modes of HIV transmission. In addition, 7% (n = 25) of patients have been diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis B Virus, and hepatitis C virus simultaneously. Moreover, 60% (n = 205) of men were infected via drug injection, while 82% (n = 27) of women were infected via unprotected sexual interaction (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The results indicate a rapid increase in the number of HIV/AIDS cases in East Azerbaijan, necessitating immediate attention and strategies to combat the rapid spread of the disease. Development of provincial and national HIV/AIDS strategies demands more accurate and comprehensive HIV/AIDS surveillance.
The present study aimed at offering a model of organizational envy management among faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities of East Azarbaijan Province. A mixed method through involving qualitative data and then quantitative data emphasizing on quantitative analysis. Population of the study was the entire faculty members with associate or higher degree in the educational year of 2014-2015. In the qualitative stage 20 individuals (experts) were selected to design the primary model and questionnaire, and to fit the model 316 faculty members were selected. In the qualitative section it was specified that influential variables on envy management in faculty members are health organizational climate, spiritual leadership, effective communication, job satisfaction and professional development of professors and approved, as well in the quantitative section findings showed that there is a significant relationship between effective variables so that in indirect analysis of effect of organizational climate on envy management, the variable of spiritual leadership via the variable of effective communication had little effect on envy management than variables of professional development and job satisfaction. It is concluded that university managers should provide conditions and backgrounds of envy management in the universities and enable professors for more effective roles without envy in the scientific climate of university to achieve in educational, research and servicing efficiency.
Introduction: Nursing education has the task of preparing graduates with the ability to identify the needs of patients in a changing society and in the clinical setting, and provide the best possible care based on the best scientific evidence. Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of lecture and clinical education on the care of patients with angina pectoris on attitude of nurses in the emergency department of military hospitals in Mashhad. Material and Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 58 nurses in Emergency Department of Military Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2018-2019. Nurses were divided into three groups: lecture training, clinical education and control groups. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made attitude questionnaire that was completed before, immediately and one month after intervention in all three groups, and the level of attitude of care for angina patients in each group was determined and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using statistical tests. Results:The Kruskal Wallis and the Median Test showed that the three groups had no significant difference in attitude scores before intervention (P = 0.821) and (P = 0.456), respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that the attitude of the three groups was significantly different immediately after intervention (P <0.001) and one month after the intervention (P <0.001). The mean score of the clinical group was higher than the other two groups, and the post hoc test showed that the attitude of each group was significantly different (P <0.001). Discussion and Conclusion:The results of this study showed that training by lecture method and clinical education increased attitude of nurses in the care of patients with angina pectoris, but the effectiveness and durability of these trainings was higher in clinical education method. Also, in this study, clinical education was more effective than lecture training, and increasing attitude of nurses in clinical education was more stable. Therefore, it is suggested that more effective methods be used to educate nurses such as clinical education and similar methods.
Background: Patients with angina pectoris need the training to control their disease. This training is mainly provided by nurses; therefore, they must be equipped with up-to-date and sufficient knowledge and skills to be capable of caring for patients. Objectives: This study aimed at exploring the effect of lecture-based training and clinical training on the knowledge and skill of emergency nurses in caring for patients with angina. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out between 2018 and 2019 on all nurses working at the emergency ward of three hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Based on their working hospital, the subjects were randomized into three groups of lecture-based education, clinical training, and control. Using researcher-made questionnaires, nurses' knowledge and skill in caring for patients with angina were assessed and compared before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 22 using Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and Friedman tests. Results: Friedman's test showed a significant difference in nurses' knowledge and skill scores of the two experimental groups at three stages of the study (P = 0.001), such that these scores were lower before the intervention than immediately and one month after the intervention. Moreover, Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference between the three groups in terms of knowledge and skill immediately after the intervention (P = 0.001) and one month after the intervention (P = 0.001), with the clinical training group scoring highest among the study groups in both of these stages. Conclusions: The results established that while both lecture-based education and clinical training could enrich nurses' knowledge and skill in caring for patients with angina, clinical training depicts a greater efficacy and durability. Hence, it is suggested that health policy-makers adopt clinical approaches in their attempt to enhance nurses' skills and performance. Furthermore, studies with higher sample sizes are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of these two educational methods in nursing.
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