Chromosome numbers were determined in ten accessions ofPhlomis olivieriBenth. (Lamiaceae). The seeds were collected from natural habitats in the west of Iran. Chromosome numbers of all accessions were 2n=2x=20. The chromosomes of accessions were metacentric or submetacentric, ranging in length from 2.66 to 8.604 μm. According to the average values of ten accessions, the karyotype of this species consists of 10 pairs of metacentric chromosomes. An ideogram was depicted for the species. This is the first report on the chromo-some number and karyotype analysis ofP. olivierifrom Iran.
During work on a new synopsis on the genus Bromus L. for the ‘Flora Iranica’ region, an Afghan perennial brome grass previously identified as the Caucasian B. biebersteinii Roem. & Schult., was found to be a new species. It is described here as B. salangensis sp. nov. This discovery rejected the record of B. biebersteinii for Afghanistan.
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