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Chromosome numbers were determined in ten accessions ofPhlomis olivieriBenth. (Lamiaceae). The seeds were collected from natural habitats in the west of Iran. Chromosome numbers of all accessions were 2n=2x=20. The chromosomes of accessions were metacentric or submetacentric, ranging in length from 2.66 to 8.604 μm. According to the average values of ten accessions, the karyotype of this species consists of 10 pairs of metacentric chromosomes. An ideogram was depicted for the species. This is the first report on the chromo-some number and karyotype analysis ofP. olivierifrom Iran.

Onobrychis avanakensis is described as a new species in sect. Onobrychis. The new species is restricted to the Alborz Mountains in the Qazvin province of Iran and distinguished from its closely related taxa in both morphological and molecular evidence based on nrDNA ITS sequences. O. avanakensis is well distinct from O. major and O. carduchorum by having different sizes of keel, wing and calyx. Based on the phylogenetic tree resulted from Bayesian inference, the new species is located in a separate branch. The distribution map and an illustration of the new species are provided.

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Onobrychis maassoumii Kaveh, Amirah. & Kaz. Osaloo sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species. It is restricted to Alborz mountain range in northeastern Tehran, Iran. Morphologically, this species is distinct from its closest relatives by greenish appearance, leaflets with upper glabrescent surface, calyx teeth 2–2.3 times as long as tube and petal wings ciliate. Also, molecular evidence reinforced this species as a distinct taxon. The distribution map and an illustration of the new species are also provided.