The introduction of low detection limit ion selective electrodes (ISEs) may well pave the way for the determination of trace targets of cationic compounds. This research focuses on the detection of titanium (III) cation using a new PVC-membrane sensor based on synthesized tris(2pyridyl) methylamine (tpm) ionophore. The application and validation of the proposed sensor was done using potentiometric titration, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The membrane sensor exhibited a Nernstian response to the titanium (III) cation over a concentration range of 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 M and pH range from 1–2.5. The Nernstian slope, the lower of detection (LOD), and the response time (t95%) of the proposed sensor were 29.17 ± 0.24 mV/dec, 7.9 × 10−7 M, and 20 s, respectively. The direct determination of 4–39 μg/ml of titanium (III) standard solution showed an average recovery of 94.60 and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.8 at 100.0 μg/ml. Finally, the utilization of the electrodes as end-point indicators for potentiometric titration with EDTA solutions for titanium (III) sensor was successfully carried out.
Fabrication of a polymeric membrane sensor based on N,N Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamino cobalt(II) hydrate (Co(SALEN) 2) as an ionophore was focused upon for the purpose of optimizing a PVC matrix. The membrane contained Co(SALEN) 2 , PVC matrix, 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (oNPOE) as a plasticizer, and tetradodecylammonium chloride (TDDACl) as a lipophilic ionic additive with the composition of 5:30:62:3 (w/w), and underwent optimization. The Nernstian slope, detection limit, and response time were −28.33 ± 0.10 mV/decade, 7.9 × 10 −7 M, and <10 s respectively. The direct determination of 2 to 48.5 μg/ml of chromate standard solution showed an average recovery of 96.03% and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.6% at 100.0 μg/ml for Co(SALEN) 2 sensors. The ionophore functionality in the polymeric membrane and the strengths of anion-carrier interaction were studied by UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
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