Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels.
Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL).
Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father).
Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services.
Background and objective: Anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative affection and hope are the important factors in promoting mental health of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress-management-based cognitive-behavioral treatments on anxiety sensitivity, hope, positive and negative affect in female students of Medical Sciences.Materials and methods: This research was a trail study with pre-test, post-test and control group. A sample of 30 subjects, were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned using Block Randomization Method of two groups (experimental and control groups). Schneider’s hope questionnaire, Watson’s positive and negative affect questionnaire, Clarke and Tolgman’s questionnaire, Reiss et al.’s anxiety sensitivity of the revised index questionnaire, were completed in two stages (pre-test and post-test) by all subjects. A 6-session protocol of cognitive-behavioral group treatment was performed only on the experimental group. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and MANOVA analysis of variance.Results: Two experimental and control groups with the mean 22, standard deviationl. 13, average age is 22 years. Stress-management-based cognitive-behavioral treatments were effective on the level of anxiety sensitivity and hope (p <0.016), however, it had no significant positive effect on the amount of positive and negative affect (p <0.016).Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective on anxiety sensitivity and hope. Therefore, stress-management-based cognitive-behavioral training can reduce students’ anxiety sensitivity and increase their hopes for coping with challenges.
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