ABSTRAKSludge cake hasil pengolahan air limbah dan pulp reject dari pabrik pulp kraft merupakan sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu terhadap pirolisis untuk mengkonversi sludge cake dan pulp reject menjadi produk tar dan arang. Sludge cake memiliki komposisi (adb): air lembab 9,08%, zat terbang 57,53%, karbon tetap 8,72% dan abu 24,67% dengan nilai kalor 2931 kal/g, sedangkan pulp reject mengandung air lembab 9,42%, zat terbang 68,16%, karbon tetap 17,00% dan abu 5,42% dengan nilai kalor 3656 kal/g. Kandungan zat terbang yang tinggi menjadikan sludge cake dan pulp reject berpotensi menghasilkan tar. Puncak pirolisis tercapai pada 349 o C untuk sludge cake dan 300 o C untuk pulp reject. Konversi mencapai 30% pada 300 o C dan 80-90% pada 400 o C, dengan hasil tar mencapai 39% untuk sludge cake dan 47% untuk pulp reject. Pada suhu >400 o C tar yang terbentuk terdekomposisi menjadi gas pirolisis. Perbedaan komposisi bahan dan kenaikan suhu pirolisis mempengaruhi komposisi tar yang dihasilkan. Hasil arang pirolisis 300-500 o C tidak berbeda jauh, baik pada sludge cake maupun pulp reject. Semua komponen zat terbang pada sludge cake maupun pulp reject habis tergedradasi dalam waktu tinggal 60 menit.
The potential to recycle Used Beverages Carton (UBC) in Indonesia is quite promising. Based on data from packaging manufacturers in 2016, it is estimated that the potential number of UBC reaches more than 50,000 tons, with fiber content is around 74 %, while polyethylene (PE) and alumunium foil materials together are around 26 %. The UBC recycling process consists of a hydropulper, screen, thickener and wet lap machine process. In this study, the composition of recycled fiber from UBC consisted mainly long fiber (3-5 mm) of approximately 52 %. The study shows that UBC fiber quality exceeds OCC quality and relatively similar to NUKP quality, which has 52.5 % long fiber content, tensile index 50.49 Nm/g, tear index 9.4 mN.m2/g, and burst index 5.76 kPa.m2/g, respectively. PE and alumunium foil also have the potential to be utilized as composite raw materials with aluminum foil served as matrix, fiber served as filler, and PE served as bonding agent. The composite production involved pressing process with a pressure of 30 kg/cm2 and high temperatures of around 125 to 165 °C. The resulting composite product has a mass density of approximately 0.81-0.93 g/cm3, which is above the minimum value to be categorized as high density composite (0.8 g/cm3). The composite products also have flammability properties ranging from 3.0 to 3.2 cm/min, and water absorption around 14 %.
Paper mill using recycle fiber as raw material produces reject containing fiber and plastic. The reject was identified by means of sorting. Reject pellet was prepared by drying, followed by shredding, and pellets molding. It was analyzed for its proximate composition (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon). Calorific value, sulfur content, ash mineral content, and ash fusion temperatures were also tested. The results showed that reject consists of 50.75% fiber and 49.25% plastic of which is > 99% High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Reject contains a high calorific value of about 7000 cal/g which could potentially be used as fuel. Coal boiler fuel containing 5-50% reject pellet shows no indication of slagging and fouling in the boiler. ABSTRAKIndustri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas menghasilkan reject yang mengandung serat dan plastik. Reject diidentifikasi komponennya dengan cara pemilahan. Proses pembuatan pelet dari reject industri kertas terdiri dari proses pengeringan, pencacahan, dan pencetakan pelet. Pelet reject dianalisis proksimat (kadar air lembap, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang (volatile matter) dan karbon padat (fixed carbon). Nilai kalor, kadar sulfur, kadar mineral abu, dan suhu fusi abu (Ash Fusion Temperature) pelet reject juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komponen reject terdiri dari serat 50,75% dan plastik 49,25% dengan kandungan plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) lebih dari 99%. Nilai kalor pelet reject sekitar 7.000 kalori/gram. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi pelet reject sebagai bahan bakar campuran batubara. Penambahan pelet reject sebanyak 5 -50% ke dalam batubara dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler tanpa menyebabkan indikasi terjadinya slagging dan fouling di dalam boiler.Kata kunci: reject, pelet, batubara, nilai kalor, bahan bakar
Seiring dengan meningkatnya konsumsi popok sekali pakai, potensi masalah lingkungan akibat pembuangan popok bekas ke lingkungan juga cenderung meningkat dan memerlukan penanganan yang serius. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan mendaur ulang popok bekas untuk mendapatkan bahan-bahan yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk pembuatan produk bernilai tambah. Salah satunya adalah serat yang diperoleh dari proses daur ulang popok bekas. Sekitar 70% dari serat daur ulang popok bekas dikategorikan sebagai serat panjang dengan panjang serat lebih dari 2 mm. Percobaan pemanfaatan serat daur ulang popok bekas sebagai serat pensubstitusi pada pembuatan kertas/karton telah dilakukan pada laboratorium dan inkubator bisnis. Pada percobaan laboratorium, penggunaan serat daur ulang popok bekas pada lembaran dari OCC atau waste sludge menghasilkan kekuatan lembaran yang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan pada percobaan di Inkubator Bisnis menunjukkan hasil yang kurang seragam. Serat daur ulang popok bekas berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai serat penguat (reinforcing fiber) pada lembaran kertas/karton dari serat daur ulang kertas bekas. Kata kunci: popok, kertas, karton, daur ulang, serat panjang The Utilization of Used Diapers Recycled Fibers in Paper and Paperboard Making Abstract Along with the increasing consumption of disposable diapers, the potential for environmental problems due to their disposal into the environment also tends to increase and requires serious handling. One of the efforts made is by recycling used diapers to obtain materials that can be reused to manufacture value-added products. One of them is a recycled fiber obtained from used diapers recycling process. Approximately 70% of used diapers recycled fiber is categorized as long fiber with a fiber length of more than 2 mm. Experiments on the utilization of used diapers recycled fibers as substitute fibers in the manufacture of paper/paperboard have been carried out in the laboratory and the Business Incubator. In the laboratory experiment, the use of recycled fibers on sheets from Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) or waste sludge resulted in higher sheet strength. Whereas the experiments in the Business Incubator showed less uniform results. Therefore, the ussed diapers recycled fibers have the potential to be used as reinforcing fibers on paper/paperboard made from waste paper recycled fibers. Keywords: diapers, paper, paperboard, recycling, long fiber
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