Progress of used beverages carton recycling system in Indonesia: A review

Abstract

The potential to recycle Used Beverages Carton (UBC) in Indonesia is quite promising. Based on data from packaging manufacturers in 2016, it is estimated that the potential number of UBC reaches more than 50,000 tons, with fiber content is around 74 %, while polyethylene (PE) and alumunium foil materials together are around 26 %. The UBC recycling process consists of a hydropulper, screen, thickener and wet lap machine process. In this study, the composition of recycled fiber from UBC consisted mainly long fiber (3-5 mm) of approximately 52 %. The study shows that UBC fiber quality exceeds OCC quality and relatively similar to NUKP quality, which has 52.5 % long fiber content, tensile index 50.49 Nm/g, tear index 9.4 mN.m2/g, and burst index 5.76 kPa.m2/g, respectively. PE and alumunium foil also have the potential to be utilized as composite raw materials with aluminum foil served as matrix, fiber served as filler, and PE served as bonding agent. The composite production involved pressing process with a pressure of 30 kg/cm2 and high temperatures of around 125 to 165 °C. The resulting composite product has a mass density of approximately 0.81-0.93 g/cm3, which is above the minimum value to be categorized as high density composite (0.8 g/cm3). The composite products also have flammability properties ranging from 3.0 to 3.2 cm/min, and water absorption around 14 %.

The Use of Polyethylene-grafted-Maleic Anhydride as a Compatibiliser for Composites from a Mixture of Poly-Aluminum and Fibers

“…An experiment to decrease the density of the poly-Al composite from recycled UBC has been carried out. According to Rizaluddin et al (2020), the addition of 5-30% fiber in the manufacture of poly-Al composites increased thickness, water absorption, and moisture content, it decreased its density. The addition of fiber up to 15% increased the composite bending strength.…”

Potensi Karton Bekas Minuman sebagai Komposit PolyAl-Fiber

“…Ketersediaan serat panjang coklat dari KBM ini dapat menjadi potensi untuk mendapatkan bahan baku dengan kualitas lebih baik dari pulp kertas bekas. Sementara itu, bahan LDPE-aluminium foil dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku atap, partisi dan meubelair (Rizaluddin, Rostika, and Wattimena, 2020). Penggabungan kedua material ini akan menjadi peluang tersendiri dalam menciptakan bahan komposit polimer baru yang implementasinya menjadi lebih luas.…”

Aluminium recovery from aluminium foil waste as coagulant for domestic wastewater treatment

“…Besides that, research that turns aluminum into alum can come from a variety of aluminumcontaining raw materials, including aluminum foil and aluminum scrap [3], sachet packaging [2], tetra pack packaging [9,10], and sludge. Waste Water Treatment [11] used cans [12], Lapindo mud [4], and aluminium dross [13].…”