No abstract

Prostate cancer and prostatitis are both significant health concerns. A large number of studies have established that the occurrence of the two is closely related. However, the most common prostatitis, type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CP/CPPS), is reported to not correlate with the occurrence of prostate cancer. Although the etiology of CP/CPPS is unknown, it may be related to the autoimmune mechanism favored by most studies. Manipulating the immune system and targeting tumor microenvironment are promising new methods for the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune cells and cytokines of CP/CPPS and prostate cancer from the perspective of biological immunology and immune microenvironment. We discuss T‐regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells dysfunction, the abnormal regulation of T helper 1(Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, macrophages, and their related cytokines as key activators in CP/CPPS. In addition, we discuss the roles of Treg and Th17 cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, and related cytokines in modulating prostate cancer progression. This review highlights the concept that immune cells and cytokines provide a research strategy for the etiology of CP/CPPS and offer potentially promising targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Active hydraulic ventricular attaching support system (ASD) placed around the heart is not only a novel, nontransplant surgical device used for epicardial administration of drugs like lidocaine, but also a promising treatment option for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and arrhythmias. We hypothesize that lidocaine in 5 mg/kg dose released by ASD significantly improves the VF in the rat model. Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were selected and were divided into four groups, intravenous injection (IV), epicardial infusion (EI), ASD, and control. ASD group was further divided into four subgroups for different lidocaine doses (i) ASD+A group (10 mg/kg), (ii) ASD+B group (5 mg/kg), (iii) ASD+C group (1 mg/kg), and (iv) ASD+D group (0.1 mg/kg). VF was induced with calcium chloride injection and was confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG) in all the groups. VF was treated with different doses of lidocaine using different modes of administration. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 19.0 Chi‐square tests and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Kaplan–Meier curve for OS was compared to the Logrank test based on the survival time. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. ASD + B group (5 mg/kg) showed significantly reduced sgroup. The time of first sinus rhythm recovered (15.96 ± 21.77 min) and ▵T‐SOD in plasma (−42.02 ± 26.99 U/mL) was significantly different than that of control, IV, and EI groups. ▵T‐SOD in plasma for all ASD‐treated groups was smaller than the control and IV groups. This study proves that ASD with 5 mg/kg lidocaine dose appears as a promising therapeutic platform for treating VF in rats. Furthermore, ASD may also have potential for treating VF or other cardiovascular disease with different therapeutic agents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1722–1731, 2019.