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This paper describes a conceptual framework for the added value and performance analyses of Edamame supply chain management with a company as a buyer and farmers as its suppliers. The main objective of this paper was to illustrate how XCo, as the company of fresh Edamame, can analyze as well as assess the added value and performance in each supply chain members. Data in this case study were collected through indepth interviews with the supply chain members and from secondary data records available at the supply chain members. The supply chain structure and two main supply chain issues, i.e. added value and business performance at each supply members, were described, analyzed and compared. The supply chain added value was described and analyzed using Hayami method, while the supply chain performance was analyzed using the combination of Data Envelopment Analysis with pairwise comparison of Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results show that XCo obtained the highest added value, however about 50% of farmer groups still had negative added values. Based on the performance analysis, it was known that failures to comply with the order quantity and time delivery schedule were major factors that decrease the farmers'groupefficiency. XCo together with farmers' group members should collaborate in scheduling the planting and harvesting.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is the highly demanded fruit for export commodity from Indonesia. The biggest mangosteen production center in Indonesia is West Java Province. The development of the mangosteen supply chain in Indonesia, particularly in West Java Province is heavily affected by uncertain potential risks for the chain. This paper identifies potential risks of the supply chain and studies the interrelationships between strategies for mitigating those risks. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to identify the main risks then Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used to illustrate the interrelationship of those risks mitigations. Data were gathered through questionaires guided interviewing the experts of mangosteen business. Results show that the main risks of the chain to reach its goal are business relationships between partners and return on investment uncertainty. Horizontal coordination and trust building between partners should be considered to mitigate those risks as these strategies are found to have a strong driving power to influence others risks mitigation strategies. Improved coordination and trust building may advocate the Indonesian government to facilitate the provision of soft loans to agricultural businesses, which enables the farmers' cooperative to buy mangosteen in cash therewith improving their return on investment.

Rice bran is known to have beneficial nutrients. Current studies suggest that solid-state fermentation affects the rice bran’s volatile profile. The aim of this study is to identify the volatile compounds and aroma description of fermented and nonfermented rice bran (FRB and NFRB) of Ciherang, Inpari30, IR64 and Inpari42. The fermentation was conducted using Rhizopus oligosporus solid-state fermentation. Headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with GC/MS was performed, and the aroma was translated by 10 trained panelists through quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The result showed that 72 and 68 compounds were identified in FRB and NFRB, respectively. They are aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, fatty acid, phenol, benzenes, furan, thiazole, pyrazines, pyridine, lactones, terpenes, and hydrocarbons. The PCA showed that FRB was dominated by alcohols, whereas NFRB was dominated by aldehydes. The QDA described nine aromas, i.e., rancid, smoky, musty, grassy, green, earthy, cereal, and sweet in NFRB. The fermentation process added fermented attributes to the aroma description to FRB and enhanced the rancid, smoky, and musty aromas. These studies indicated that fermented rice bran might increase the volatile compound of rice bran. Thus, it may provide opportunities to develop the production of fermented rice bran as a functional ingredient.

This research to describe the development of outdoor learning method learning devices through miniature outbound activities in Early Childhood Education, describing the results of the validation of outdoor learning methods through miniature outbound activities. The design of this research is research and development (R&D). The learning device development model used in this study is to use the 4D instructional development design proposed by Thiagarajan which consists of 4 stages of development namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The findings of this research and development are in the form of learning tools that have previously been tested, evaluated, until they meet the desired criteria. Learning tools developed include the Semester Program (Prosem), Weekly Learning Implementation Plan (RPPM) and Daily Learning Implementation Plan (RPPH).The validation results show that the learning tool of outdoor learning methods through miniature outbound activities has a material validity level of 93%, language validity of 85.71%, and validity of learning experts 94.64%. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran metode outdoor learning melalui miniatur kegiatan outbound pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, mendeskripsikan hasil validasi perangkat pembelajaran metode outdoor learning melalui miniatur kegiatan outbound. Desain pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Model pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan desain instructional development model 4D yang dikemukakan Thiagarajan yang terdiri dari 4 tahap pengembangan yaitu Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Adapun temuan pada penelitian dan pengembangan ini berupa perangkat pembelajaran yang

Maintaining an effective risk management procedure can counterbalance a critical effect on supply chains. The Agri-food supply chain has characteristics that are unique and complex if compared with a conventional supply chain. Sustainability risk management in the supply chain is the key to a competitive organisation in the long term. The aim of this paper is to review current research on sustainable risk management in the Agri-food industry chain. These reviews were arranged in steps systematically, ranging from searching related to review of supply chain sustainability risk management (SCSRM), reviewing the general framework of SCSRM and the framework of Agri-food SCSRM. Selection of literature review papers in the period 2010-2019, and obtained 30 papers. Risk aspects were analysed using a multi-dimensional approach (economic, social, environmental, technical, and institutional) that influences the sustainability of the Agri-food industry. The results show that there are few studies focusing on risk management to achieve a sustainable supply chain system. Some studies only focus on Triple Bottom Line elements (economic, social, and environmental). Sometimes, these studies do not consider risks from other elements such as technical and institutional aspects that can be influence the sustainability of the Agri-food industry. Technical aspects such as the reliability of technological systems and institutional aspects as policymakers support sustainability in a business process. The contribution of this paper is to provide an initial theoretical framework to guide researchers in analysing risk through a multi-dimensional approach to sustainability.

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