Brick cumbustion in Kaloran Village uses firewood and corncob as main fuel. Combustion using firewood and corncobs in burning bricks produce PM2.5 pollutants that can cause health problem including the eyes. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of ocular surface in symptoms that include discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. This study aims to describe PM2.5 levels in brick combustion and dry eye syndrome events in brick workers in Kaloran Village Ngronggot Nganjuk District in 2017. This research was an observational study with cross sectional design, conducted in May 2017, Using questionnaires, interviews and observations with a large sample of 42 respondents. The PM2.5 measurements use the Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 model for 30 minutes, which is performed three times a day at each point of location. Data collection on the incidence of dry eye syndrome was diagnosed using an OSDI questionnaire. All measurements of PM2.5 exceed the ambient air quality standard of government regulation number 41 of 1999 of (0.065 mg/m3) and There are three measurement result of PM2.5 that exceed the Threshold Limit No 13 of 2011 about Threshold Value of Physical Factors and Chemical Factors in the Work Environment. There are 71.6% workers experience dry eye syndrome. In the results of this study, PM2.5 levels are in place. The advantages and disadvantages of some places that exceed the Threshold Limit and there are workers who experience dry eye syndrome. Keywords: burning bricks, dry eye syndrome, level of PM2,5
Coconut shell contains several components of biomass including cellulose, lignin, and pentosan, which can be used in the form of charcoal as a bioabsorbent. Sludge waste is a residue formed as a by-product of wastewater treatment at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). which emits odors that can disturb local residents. This study aimed to deodorize ice cream slurry waste using coconut shell charcoal and activated carbon as the odor adsorbent. The ratio of each adsorbent and ice cream waste was based on the preliminary experiment, namely 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. The measurement parameters for the sludge were odor value, pH, temperature, and water content which were measured daily. Ammonia and sulfide levels were measured using the titration method, while protein levels were determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Odor reduction in sludge waste mixed with activated carbon as the adsorbent was better than that with coconut shell charcoal; by which the optimum mass ratio was 1:3 with a decrease of 97.13% that was obtained within seven days. The ammonia levels in the sludge waste decreased from 10,276 mg/kg to 308 mg/kg by the use of coconut shell charcoal with a mass ratio of 1:1 and to 252 mg/kg by the use of activated carbon with a mass ratio of 1:1 at the end of the experiment. The sulfide content in the sludge waste decreased from 1.215 mg/L to 0.0483 mg/L in the sample with coconut shell charcoal as an adsorbent with a mass ratio of 1:1 and to 0.0483 mg/L in samples with activated carbon adsorbent ratio of 1:1 at the end of the experiment.
Slaughterhouses was one part of the livestock industry. The livestock industry was a producer of ammonia emissions in the atmosphere. Ammonia has a negative impact on public health and the environment. This study aims to analyze the health risks to workers in slaughterhouses caused by ammonia gas exposure. The research design in this research was an observational research with cross-sectional design that used environmental health risk assessment (EHRA). The population of this research was workers in slaughterhouse, technique, sanitation and IPAL that consisting of 35 peoples. The measurement of ammonia gas was calculated used Spectrophotometer-Nessler method with wavelength 440 nm. The Air samples was taken at four points in the slaughterhouses Pegirian area. The result of the research indicated that the concentration of ammonia highest in slaughterhouses Pegirian of 0.025972 ppm (0.01806 mg/m3) and concentration ammonia lowest of 0.004364 ppm (0.00303 mg/m3). Based on the analysis of environmental health risks in mind that the value of RQ by 0.002781. The conclusion of this research is the exposure to ammonia gas at-risk population with 55 Kg weight at slaughtering houses Pegirian still within safe limits for the frequency of 250 days / year to 30 years. Advice that can be given is the need to improve the management company waste management as a source of ammonia emissions in slaughterhouses.
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