PM 10 Pollutant is an air particulate that cannot be detected by a nose hair. It contains carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemical components. This study, therefore, aims to quantify the concentration of PM 10 and identify the risks of the non-carcinogenic type's exposure to the public's health in the commercial area of Pasar Jambi sub-district. Measurement of PM 10 concentration was performed on Sunday (weekend) and Monday (weekday) using high volume air sampler (HVAS). Furthermore, questionnaire and interviewing were implemented on 95 people amounting to 12% of the total population. The result shows that PM 10 concentrations were observed to have exceeded ambient air quality standards of 196.9 µg/m3 on weekend and 2.094 µg/m3 weekday. Furthermore, the average concentration of Al and Mn in PM 10 were 1.69384 µg/m3 and 0.04191 µg/m3 respectively. Although the public health activity was already at the risk of PM10 non-carcinogenic exposure in the commercial district (i.e RQ > 1), there has not been any environmental health risks for the non-carcinogenic metals (Al and Mn) to the society. Therefore, risk management is carried out to protect the population from PM 10 risks. Risk management comprises calculating the safe concentration, duration, frequency, and time of exposure on these weekend and weekday. AbstrakPolutan PM 10 merupakan partikel udara yang sudah tidak terdeteksi lagi oleh bulu hidung dan mengandung komponen kimia yang bersifat karsinogenik maupun non karsinogenik. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menghitung konsentrasi PM10 dan mengidentifikasi risiko pajanan PM 10 non karsinogenik pada penduduk yang terpajan di kawasan komersial Kecamatan Pasar Jambi. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM 10 dilaksanakan pada Minggu (hari libur) dan Senin (hari kerja) menggunakan HVAS. Sedangkan kuesioner dan wawancara dilakukan kepada sampel masyarakat sebanyak 95 orang yang merupakan 12% dari jumlah populasi. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa kondisi PM 10 telah melewati standar yang dipersyaratkan sebesar 196,9 µg/m3 (Minggu) dan 209,4 µg/ m3 (Senin), dimana konsentrasi rata-rata logam Al dan Mn pada hari libur dan hari kerja secara berturut-turut adalah 1,69384 µg/m3 dan 0,04191 µg/m3. Hal ini menandakan bahwa pajanan PM 10 non karsinogenik sudah berisiko secara umum, kecuali dari logam Al dan Mn yang belum memberikan risiko. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya manajemen risiko meliputi penghitungan konsentrasi, frekuensi, durasi dan waktu pajanan aman baik pada hari libur maupun di hari kerja tersebut.
Increasing of fertilizer industry in the world made the increasing of ammonia industry as well. Ammonia was used as nitrogen source in fertilizer industry. Ammonia process production involved natural gas (flammable) with high temperature and high pressure in the process. Secondary reformer was the one of process unit plant in ammonia plant that had high temperature and pressure. Secondary reformer was the one of the unit process used to get hydrogen (H2) from natural gas. Hazard identification for secondary reformer was conducted by using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The results of FTA analysis for secondary reformer could be grouped into technical and non technical aspects. Non technical aspects had 76% possibility in fire/explosion at secondary reformer. Analysis using Dow’s Fire & Explosion Index (DFEI) resulted that the radius effect due to secondary reformer explosion was 74 meter. The actual probable property damage was US$ 11.649.269 and probable daily outage at least 129 days. Software ALOHA (Arial Location of Hazardous Atmospheres) resulted that the lowest effect of secondary reformer explosion, 0,5 psi, that could shattered the glass was 62 m in radius. Moreover, the radius effect for 1 psi explosion strength (made house/office inhabitable) was 41 m from secondary reformer.
Latar belakang: Usaha Gorengan Bunda merupakan home industry yang bekerja dengan cara Manual Material Handling (MMH) selama proses produksinya. Mengingat aktivitas MMH mempunyai peranan vital, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis postur pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis postur kerja menggunakan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA) pada pekerja Usaha Gorengan Bunda yang berlokasi di Siteba.Metode: Metode RULA merupakan metode observasi untuk menganalisis postur kerja tubuh bagian atas. Pengambilan data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan untuk memperoleh skor RULA, pengisian kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) untuk memperoleh data keluhan pekerja, dan data korelasi variabel usia dan masa kerja terhadap postur kerja yang digunakan.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerja pada proses membuat kulit gorengan dan proses membuat isi gorengan berada pada level action 4 yang berarti perlu dilakukan perubahan. Pada pekerja proses mengisi gorengan dan mengemas cabe berada pada level action 3 yang berarti diperlukan investigasi, perubahan diperlukan segera, sedangkan, pada proses mempersiapkan bahan berada pada level action 2 yang berarti investigasi diperlukan, perubahan mungkin diperlukan. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh korelasi antara usia dan masa kerja terhadap postur kerja pekerja dengan nilai signifikansi (p) sebesar 0,06 dan 0,039.Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan masa kerja mempunyai hubungan terhadap risiko postur kerja (p < 0,05). Tindakan perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan menambah fasilitas kerja seperti menyediakan kursi yang memiliki penyangga punggung, memperbaiki fasilitas kerja sesuai dengan antropometri tubuh pekerja, melakukan kebiasaan berolahraga untuk menjaga kebugaran tubuh.Kata kunci: Industri; Postur Kerja; Ergonomi; Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA); Nordic Body Map (NBM) ABSTRACT Title: Work Posture Analysis in Gorengan Home Industry using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) MethodBackground: Gorengan Bunda Business is a home industry that works by means of Manual Material Handling (MMH) during the production process. Given that MMH activities have a vital role, it is necessary to conduct research to identify and analyze worker postures. This study aims to analyze work posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method on the workers of the Gorengan Bunda Business located in Siteba. Method: The RULA method is an observational method for analyzing the work posture of the upper body. Data collection was obtained through field observations to obtain RULA scores, filling in the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to obtain worker complaint data, and data on the correlation of age and working period variables to the work posture used. Result: The results showed that workers in the process of making fried skin and in the process of making fried fillings were at action level 4, which means that changes need to be made. In the process of filling the fry and packing chilies it is at action level 3 which means investigation is needed, changes are needed immediately, meanwhile, in the process of preparing ingredients it is at action level 2 which means investigation is needed, changes may be needed. In this study, it was found that the correlation between age and years of service on the work posture of workers with a significance value (p) of 0.06 and 0.039. Conclusion: This study shows that tenure has a relationship with the risk of work posture (p <0.05). Corrective actions that can be taken are adding work facilities such as providing chairs that have back support, improving work facilities according to the worker's body anthropometry, doing exercise habits to maintain body fitness.Keywords: Industry; Work Posture; Ergonomy; Rapid Upper Limb Assesment (RULA); Nordic Body Map (NBM)
AbstrakPeningkatan industri pupuk di dunia berimplikasi pada peningkatan jumlah industri amonia. Amonia memegang peranan penting pada proses produksi pupuk dalam hal penyediaan nitrogen. Proses pembuatan amonia melibatkan bahan baku berupa gas alam yang bersifat flammable dengan temperatur dan tekanan yang tinggi dalam setiap tahapan prosesnya. Primary reformer merupakan salah satu peralatan proses dalam produksi amonia dengan temperatur dan tekanan paling tinggi serta paling berisiko mengalami kegagalan yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kebakaran/ledakan. Primary reformer berperan sebagai salah satu tahapan pemurnian gas alam dengan hasil berupa karbon monoksida. Identifikasi bahaya pada unit primary reformer dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Hasil analisis FTA menghasilkan bahwa sumber bahaya dari ledakan primary reformer dapat ditinjau dari faktor teknis dan faktor non teknis. Faktor non teknis menyumbang 74% dari penyebab terjadinya ledakan/kebakaran pada primary reformer. Hasil analisis risiko ledakan/kebakaran pada primary reformer dilakukan dengan menggunakan Dow's Fire & Explosion Index dengan hasil radius area dampak adalah 51 meter. Nilai kerugian finansial mencapai US$ 23.640.285 dengan kerugian hari kerja minimal adalah 138 hari. Perangkat lunak Arial Location of Hazardous Atmospheres menghasilkan radius ledakan dengan dampak terkecil yaitu dapat memecahkan kaca jendela/pintu (0,5 psi) adalah 73 m dari primary reformer. Radius ledakan dengan kekuatan ledakan 1 psi (meruntuhkan rumah/perkantoran) adalah 48 m dari primary reformer. Kata kunci: amonia, DFEI, kebakaran, ledakan, primary reformer AbstractIncreasing of fertilizer industry in the world forced the increasing of ammonia industry as well. Ammonia was used as nitrogen source in fertilizer industry. Ammonia process production involved natural gas (flammable) with high temperature and high pressure in the process. Primary reformer was the one of process unit plant in ammonia production that had the highest temperature and pressure among all ammonia unit processes. Beside that, primary reformer had the highest risk to fail and made fire/explosion. Primary reformer was the one of the unit process used to get carbon monoxide from natural gas. Hazard identification for primary reformer was conducted by using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The results of FTA analysis for primary reformer could be grouped into technical and non technical aspects. Non technical aspects had 74% possibility in explosion/fire at primary because of reformer. Analysis using Dow's Fire & Explosion Index resulted that the radius effect primary reformer explosion was 51 meter. The actual probable property damage was US$ 23,640,285 and probable daily outage at least 138 days. Perangkat lunak Arial Location of Hazardous Atmospheres resulted that the lowest effect of primary reformer explosion, 0,5 psi, that could shattered the glass was 73 m in radius. Moreover, the radius effect for 1 psi explosion strength (made house/office inhabitable) was 48 m from...
Abstrak—Udara merupakan faktor penting dalam kehidupan. Salah satu polutan yang menjadi kontributor polusi udara adalah PM10. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir tepatnya 2014, Kota Jambi masuk dalam kategori PM10 yang berbahaya yaitu pada konsentrasi 409 µg/m3.Prediksi terhadap sebaran PM10 perlu dilakukan untuk melihat arah sebaran serta daerah-daerah yang berpotensi terdampak PM10.Hysplit merupakan model yang dapat memprediksi sebaran polutan yang menghubungkan polutan dengan komponen meteorologi di suatu tempat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan sebaran PM10 di Kota Jambi, menganalisis sebaran PM10 di Kota Jambi dan menentukan lokasi-lokasi yang berpotensi terpapar maksimum pada harian musim kemarau di Kota Jambi.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Jambi pada kawasan kantor Walikota, kawasan kantor Gubernur, jalan raya Tugu Juang, jalan raya Simpang Rimbo dan perumahan Mayang. Dalam penelitian ini pengukuran PM10 dilakukan dari setiap lokasi yang ditentukan yang kemudian dianalisis sebarannya menggunakan model Hysplit. Sebaran yang dihasilkan menunjukkan arah PM10 dominan menuju barat, barat laut maupun ke utara. Analisis model Hysplit menunjukkan kecamatan Kota Baru terpapar maksimum pada harian musim kemarau.
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