To identify risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention interventions. Between December 2011 and August 2012, a case-control study was conducted among MSM who underwent voluntary counselling and testing for HIV. Confirmed HIV-positive MSM were included in the case group, and HIV-negative MSM were included in the control group. Information on possible risk factors was collected by a survey questionnaire and a qualitative interview. The results of a conditional logistic regression showed that the following were influencing factors for HIV infection: average monthly income between 2001 and 3000 Yuan (odds ratio (OR)56.341, 95% CI: 1.714-12.544), only sometimes using condoms when having anal sex with men in the last 6 months (OR57.601, 95% CI: 1.359-23.083), having HIV-positive sex partners (OR55.273, 95% CI: 1.572-17.691), rectal trauma with bleeding in the last 6 months (OR52.947, 95% CI: 1.308-6.638), not using condoms at last sexual encounter (OR51.278, 95% CI: 1.012-5.595), engaging in commercial sex (OR55.925, 95% CI: 1.923-13.890) and having more than 16 sex partners in the last 6 months (OR51.175, 95% CI: 1.021-1.353). These seven factors were the risk factors of HIV infection (OR.1). However, having anal sex less than 10 times in the previous 1 month (OR50.002, 95% CI: 0.000-0.287) was a protective factor against HIV infection among MSM (OR,1), and insertive (OR50.116, 95% CI: 0.000-0.236) (OR,1) anal intercourse influenced HIV infection. Interventions should be targeted at MSM whose average monthly income is between 2001 and 3000 Yuan, and who engage in commercial sex. In addition, the importance of using condoms at every sexual encounter should be emphasised in health education, as should the treatment of rectal trauma with bleeding. Finally, MSM should decrease the number of sex partners and frequency of anal sex to decrease the rate of HIV infection.
Huangqi and Huangqi type formulations may have some positive effects in treating nephrotic syndrome by increasing plasma albumin and reducing urine albumin excretion, blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreasing the number who don't show improvement at three months. Some formulations showed an increase in the number of patients achieving complete or partial remission, however study and participant numbers were small.
ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED INFast surface acoustic wave solution method based on the generalized Green's function AIP Advances 8, 085210 (2018) We demonstrate the localization of water surface waves and its evolution by introducing a defect into a trough with periodic sidewalls. Taking the advantage of water wave visualization, we observed a defect mode arising in the forbidden band and its formation process, that the water waves gradually accumulate at the defect, and accordingly, the energy gets smaller in the incidence part but larger in the exit part. After a certain time, when the accumulated energy gets large enough to produce a defect mode, we can obtain a steady state and an extraordinary transmission. It was also found that the transmission frequency linearly depends on the defect length with the negative slope and the localizations in different defects were also observed and analyzed. Due to the ubiquity of wave phenomena, the observation of water wave localization not only present a visual picture for the fundamental resonance concept, but also find applications in various fields, such as underwater acoustics, ultrasonics, electromagnetic waves, and optics. © 2018 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
Due to the excellent wind power probabilistic prediction performance, Mixture Density Network (MDN) is used in short-term wind power forecasting, but the density leakage problem the Not a Number (NaN) loss problem and the choice of hyperparameters in the MDN seriously affect the model performance. GA-TDMDN is proposed in this paper for wind power probabilistic forecasting. GA-TDMDN uses truncated distribution as kernel function to solve density leakage. For the NaN loss problem that occurs during model training, different output layer activation methods and improved loss function are used for different mixture component parameters, so that the shape of the truncated normal distribution can be better controlled. Genetic Algorithms (GA) is used to optimize key hyperparameters in the MDN structure. The experimental results show that it is feasible to use truncated distribution to solve the density leakage problem, and using the GA algorithm to optimize the model structure can improve the model performance
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