Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria used as biocontrol agents against pathogens. Currently, little research on actinomycetes has been published in Indonesia. The study provides issues related to the most relevant keywords in actinomycetes, the most productive authors and countries on actinomycetes research, current research on actinomycetes, and future topics in actinomycetes research. This paper aims to understand the current status and trend of research on actinomycetes in biological control, especially their acts as biocontrol agents. We used VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to perform a scientometric and bibliometric analysis. Out of 452 Scopus publications published between 1971 and 2022. Research on actinomycetes has increased rapidly since 2000, leading to an exponential trend. The result shows that >50% of papers focus on Agricultural and Biological Sciences and indicate that actinomycetes are mainly applied as biocontrol agents. China is the most documented and powerful country, followed by the United States and Iran. In contrast, Indonesia ranks 19th in the world with nine published papers. Scientometric analysis shows Shahidi Bonjar nominated as the strongest citation burst author (4.01). Their topic is mainly on the biological control of pathogens by Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces sp., while fungi are a dominant pathogen. These findings are related to bibliometric analysis, showing Streptomyces spp. and fungi are two primary keywords in the Scopus database, found on 183 and 139 documents. We found actinomycete research focuses on their ability to manage plant diseases naturally. In the future, we predict actinobacterial research is still essential to biological control, particularly those involving Streptomyces species. Also, several important topics are associated with their activities in controlling pests (nematode), postharvest disease, and growth promoter ability.
Burkholderia glumae, before mid-2018, is categorized as plant quarantine pest A2 Group 1 that its existence has been detected in Indonesia. B. glumae has been known to spread in the central production of rice in Java, Sumatra, Borneo dan Sulawesi. This review aimed to explain the strategies for B. glumae detection through its characteristics and to prevent the divergence of this bacterium in Indonesia. The previous studies reported that the bacteria could reduce yield up to 75% and caused the decrease of weight-grain or the increase of empty grain. The disease intensity is affected by environmental and physiological factors such as warm temperature at nighttime and high rainfall intensity. The optimum temperature for the development of the disease is 30–35°C. Moreover, the pathogen could survive at a temperature of 41°C. The tropical area of 32-36°C are suitable for B. glumae. Recently, the effective control of the disease in the field has not been found yet. Meanwhile, early detection of the disease is not yet determined, even though it is necessary to prevent its spread in rice cultivation in Indonesia. Detection of the disease by Agricultural Quarantine Agency as a frontline is needed to check the entry of the disease carried by the import activities of the seed. Detection in the suspected field by protection institutes through frequent surveillance in central production areas of rice should be considered as an important task.. The effective techniques to prevent B. glumae are the use of resistant varieties, the practice of seed treatments (using antibacterial, bactericide, heat treatment or plant extract), and the application of oxolinic acid to the crops.
The corona virus or SARS-CoV2 is a pathogenic virus that has become a pandemic and a threat in almost all countries in the world. SARS-CoV2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family with particle sizes varying around 60 nm - 140 nm. Various regulations and prevention have been designed to reduce the impact of Covid-19 by SARS-CoV2. Several technologies and studies have been developed to form nanofiber woven membranes. Cellulose nanofibers and chitin/chitosan nanofibers have been studied and are known to have nanometer-sized structures smaller than SARS-CoV2. Chitin/chitosan has been investigated to have antiviral properties, especially corona virus. Cellulose nanofibers, and chitin/chitosan nanofibers has the potential to be developed for Covid-19 virus nanofiltration masks. Various active agents (nanosilver, nanogold, CuO, etc.) have been known to have antiviral and/or antibacterial properties so that they can be used as nanofillers to enhance the performance and effectiveness of nanofibers based masks against SARS-CoV2.
Somantri RU, Syahri S, Thamrin T. 2019. Agronomic and economic analysis of soybeans which is grew by monoculture and polyculture systems in South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):159-172. The presence of shade and other limiting factors in the crops of plantation plants will certainly affect the growth and soybean yield were compared by monoculture. The objective of the research was to know of agronomic performance and farming feasibility of soybeans which are cultivated by polyculture and monoculture systems. Soybeans were planted in two systems namely monoculture (soybean) and polyculture (soybean are intercropped with 3 years of rubber trees). Both of Dena 1 and Anjasmoro varieties were cropped in those systems. Soybeans are cropped by using planting machine (ATBJ) which has planting distance 20 cm x 40 cm (1-2 seeds per hole). Plants were fertilized with 50 kg Urea per ha, 150 kg TSP per ha, 150 kg KCl per ha, manure 2,000 kg per ha, and dolomite 1,000 kg per ha. Mower were used for harvesting. The results showed that the growth and soybean yield in monoculture system was better than the polyculture. Yield of Anjasmoro in monoculture was 15.35 ku per ha, whereas the polyculture was 4.72 ku per ha. Meanwhile, the productivity of Dena 1 was 14.80 ku per ha and 7.38 ku per ha in polyculture system. The polyculture had a higher value of the land equivalent ratio than monoculture of rubber trees. Economically, the two planting systems that were examined also deserve to be done by farmers, where the value R/C > 1
<p>Varietas unggul memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi padi. Sumbangan penggunaan varietas unggul terhadap peningkatan produksi padi nasional mencapai 56%, sementara interaksi antara air irigasi, varietas unggul, dan pemupukan terhadap laju kenaikan produksi padi memberikan kontribusi hingga 75%. Penggunaan varietas unggul juga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan penggunaan pestisida. Namun, penggunaan varietas unggul di tingkat petani masih rendah. Beberapa faktor yang menghambat pengembangan varietas unggul ialah anggapan bahwa keunggulan varietas baru tidak sebanding dengan varietas yang ada, industri benih belum berminat mengembangkan varietas unggul, dan terbatasnya benih sumber untuk perbanyakan benih secara komersial. Tingkat komersialisasi varietas unggul dipengaruhi oleh produktivitas, kesesuaian mutu produk dengan selera konsumen, ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit, serta harga jual. Untuk mendukung percepatan adopsi varietas unggul padi, perlu kebijakan dalam bentuk peraturan daerah peningkatan produksi padi, jaminan sumber permodalan, penyediaan input terutama benih sumber, jaminan pemasaran dan harga jual gabah, kemitraan yang harmonis antarpemangku kepentingan, penguatan yang menarik hubungan dengan sumber informasi teknologi dan pasar output, reformasi, reorientasi dan revitalisasi kelembagaan petani, penguatan kelembagaan penyuluhan, serta pendekatan kepada tokoh<br />masyarakat.<br /><br /></p>
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