Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID 19) spread rapidly across Brazil. The country has 27 federative units, with wide regional differences related to climate, lifestyle habits, socioeconomic characteristics and population density. Therefore, we aimed to document and monitor the increase in COVID 19 cases across each federative unit in Brazil, by tracking its progression from inception to 15 May 2020. Methods: Observational study. Results: The first confirmed COVID 19 case in the country was notified in Sao Paulo on 26 February, while the first death occurred on 17 March, in Rio de Janeiro. Since then, there has been a dramatic increase in both confirmed cases and deaths from the disease. Sao Paulo, in the Southeast region, was initially considered the COVID 19 epidemic epicentre in Brazil. However, 10 states in the North and Northeast regions were ranked among the 14 highest incidences (over 100 cases per 100,000 people) observed on 15 May. Higher incidence rates (>100 cases per 100,000) were associated to higher rates of inadequate water supply and sewerage (OR, 5.83 (95% CI, 1.08 to 29.37, P=0.041)). North and Northeast states with the highest social vulnerability index scores had higher increases in the incidence rate between 14 April and 15 May. States with medium human development index (HDI) showed higher incidence increases from 14 April to 15 May, being seven of them with ratios in the range from 27.49 to 63.73 times. Conclusion: Spreading of COVID 19 in Brazil differs across both regions and federative units, being influenced by different socioeconomic contexts.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its incidence has increased globally, causing this condition to be currently a global public health problem. It was estimated that 20 to 35% of the world’s population has MetS. However, the global prevalence ratios vary enormously, due mainly to social and economic discrepancies. Despite the importance of MetS in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, studies that described the prevalence of MetS and its determinants among rural and vulnerable populations worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the MetS prevalence and associated risk factors in a riverside population living in Pantanal biome from Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil, that has difficulties in accessing health services. This investigation is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from March 2010 to July 2016 in adult individuals (aged 18 years or older)) from riverside community of Passo do Lontra. MetS was defined according to NCEP/ATP III, 2001criteria. A total of 81 adult individuals, being 36 (44.4%) females and 45 (55.6%) males were enrolled. The overall MetS prevalence was 40.7% (33/81) with no gender difference. About the risk factors analysis, higher levels of BMI, uric acid, non-HDL, VLDL cholesterol and obesity among adults led to higher chances of developing the syndrome. These findings provide important evidence on the MetS prevalence as a public health problem, particularly for obese, dyslipidemic and hyperuricemic individuals. Our results reinforce an alarming public health trend.
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