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This study is focused on antioxidant and anticancer capacity of bread enriched with broccoli sprouts (BS) in the light of their potential bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Generally, bread supplementation elevated antioxidant potential of product (both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant capacities); however, the increase was not correlated with the percent of BS. A replacement up to 2% of BS gives satisfactory overall consumers acceptability and desirable elevation of antioxidant potential. High activity was especially found for extracts obtained after simulated digestion, which allows assuming their protective effect for upper gastrointestinal tract; thus, the anticancer activity against human stomach cancer cells (AGS) was evaluated. A prominent cytostatic response paralleled by the inhibition of AGS motility in the presence of potentially mastication-extractable phytochemicals indicates that phenolic compounds of BS retain their biological activity in bread. Importantly, the efficient phenolics concentration was about 12 μM for buffer extract, 13 μM for extracts after digestion in vitro, and 7 μM for extract after absorption in vitro. Our data confirm chemopreventive potential of bread enriched with BS and indicate that BS comprise valuable food supplement for stomach cancer chemoprevention.

Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of pomegranate seed powder (PSP) on physical, sensorial and antioxidant properties of gluten‐free bread. The PSP was incorporated at different levels (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) into formula of gluten‐free bread. Control gluten‐free bread made without any addition of PSP was used for comparison. The results showed that the specific volume and springiness of gluten‐free breads increased, whereas hardness and chewiness decreased significantly with increasing PSP addition. The addition of PSP into gluten‐free bread decreased the lightness and yellowness of crumb and crust colour, while redness increased. Total phenolics content (TPC) increased from 46% to 181% with PSP addition (2.5%–10%). Moreover, antioxidant activity was significantly higher for bread with PSP. For bread with the highest percentage of PSP, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained. For sensorial and antioxidant activity, the optimum level of PSP addition was found to be 7.5%.

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gluten-free breads with MLP from 2.5 to 10% presented significantly higher activity (RED from 32.92 to 21.56 and OH scavenging from 54.38 to 47.31 EC 50 mg dw comparing to control bread (40.02; 90.81 EC 50 mg dw/ml, respectively). Taking into account both the sensory evaluation and antioxidant activity, the addition of MFP should not exceed 5%.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, grinding, and possibility of whole seeds of Plantago psyllium (PP) and Plantago ovata (PO) application as an alternative to hydrocolloid for gluten‐free bread baking. The procedure of seeds swelling was proposed, trace elements and physical properties of seeds were determined. The grinding energy of seeds and the baking of gluten‐free bread with the addition of whole and grinded form of seeds was made. The seeds of PP and PO are a rich source of trace elements, such as zinc, manganese copper, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. These seeds swell very quickly. PO swells faster at lower temperatures than PP. Grinded seeds of two types of studied Plantago can be used as substitutes for hydrocolloids, they caused a considerable increase in the gluten‐free dough yield (from 200 to 240%) and beneficially affected the texture of the crumb. Practical applications Similarly to fiber the seeds of PP or PO can also be used as replacements for hydrocolloids in the production of gluten‐free bread. The use of whole seeds does not require complicated procedures of fiber extraction, it also has much higher efficiency. Our research allowed to identify a hummer mill on which satisfactory results of Plantago seeds were obtained. PO compared to PP has the seeds that are more susceptible to grinding, their grinding energy is much lower. Characterization of the physical properties of seeds will allow adaptation of processing in the future. Plantago seeds swell intensely in water at different rates depending on the temperature. As a source of trace elements such as zinc, manganese copper, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, whole seeds of Plantago can be a valuable functional food additive.

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