There are several treatment methods available for bone repair, although the effectiveness becomes limited in cases of large defects. The objective of this pre-clinical protocol was to evaluate the grafting of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic biomaterial (B; QualyBone BCP®, QualyLive, Amadora, Portugal) together with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (FB; CEVAP/UNESP Botucatu, Brazil) and with photobiomodulation (PBM; Laserpulse®, Ibramed, Amparo, Brazil) in the repair process of bone defects. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals each: the biomaterial group (G1/B), the biomaterial plus FB group (G2/BFB); the biomaterial plus PBM group (G3/B + PBM), and the biomaterial plus FB plus PBM group (G4/BFB + PBM). After anesthesia, a critical defect was performed in the center of the rats’ parietal bones, then filled and treated according to their respective groups. The rats were euthanized at 14 and 42 postoperative days. Histomorphologically, at 42 days, the G4/BFB + PBM group showed a more advanced maturation transition, with more organized and mature bone areas forming concentric lamellae. A birefringence analysis of collagen fibers also showed a more advanced degree of maturation for the G4/BFB + PBM group. In the comparison between the groups, in the two experimental periods (14 and 42 days), in relation to the percentage of formation of new bone tissue, a significant difference was found between all groups (G1/B (5.42 ± 1.12; 21.49 ± 4.74), G2/BFB (5.00 ± 0.94; 21.77 ± 2.83), G3/B + PBM (12.65 ± 1.78; 29.29 ± 2.93), and G4/BFB + PBM (12.65 ± 2.32; 31.38 ± 2.89)). It was concluded that the use of PBM with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) positively interfered in the repair process of bone defects previously filled with the biocomplex formed by the heterologous fibrin biopolymer associated with the synthetic ceramic of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.
The barber goby Elacatinus figaro is an endangered fish, endemic to Brazil and very important to the aquarium trade. One of the bottlenecks for its production in captivity is the larviculture, which is characterized by high mortality rates, especially in the first week after hatching, and prior to metamorphosis. The experiment evaluated the effect of triiodothyronine hormone (T 3 ) on survival, growth and metamorphosis of barber goby. Larvae of 14 days after hatching (DAH) were immersed in three concentrations of T 3 , in triplicate: TC (control) -0; T01 -0.01; T025 -0.025 and T05 -0.05 mg/L. An additional replicate of each treatment was performed for sampling for the histological analysis of the thyroid follicles in 24 DAH larvae. The survival rates in TC, T01, T025 and T05 were 24%, 54%, 36% and 37% respectively, without significant differences between the treatments (p > 0.05). Regarding larval growth, the highest length values were obtained in TC. In T025 and T05, larval metamorphosis was anticipated in up to 11 days in relation to TC and T01. In T01 larvae, follicles were numerous with the presence of reabsorption vesicles in the colloid periphery, indicating increased production of thyroid hormones (THs), associated with the larval metamorphosis process. In T05, a follicle reduction in number and size was observed, given evidence of the end of metamorphosis. The use of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/L of T 3 anticipated metamorphosis in barber goby larvae, shortening the larviculture period for this species.
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