Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo discutir as inter-relações dos relatórios das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde com as propostas apresentadas em documentos oficiais do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes à formação e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos, buscando relacioná-los à incorporação de novos referenciais pedagógicos pautados pelas metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo aqui apresentado foi do tipo exploratório, referente à pesquisa na literatura das áreas de saúde e educação, no perío-do de 1941 -realização da 1ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde -até 2007, quando foi publicada a portaria n. 1.996 GM/MS. Essa portaria definiu novas diretrizes e estratégias para a implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde, com o objetivo de evidenciar a importância da formação de recursos humanos para a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde. Verificou-se que há correlação entre as reivindicações que emergem de necessidades sociais identificadas na construção do Sistema Único de Saúde e as propostas inscritas nas legislações pertinentes. Destaca-se que o sucesso de projetos de educação permanente depende de profunda imbricação entre processos educativos e de intervenção institucional, que contemplem a complexidade dos modos de fazer saúde. Palavras-chave formação de recursos humanos em saúde; metodologias ativas; educação permanente em saúde. AbstractThe purpose of this article was to discuss the interrelations between the reports from the National Health Conferences and the proposals submitted in official Unified Health System documents regarding human resource training and development, seeking to relate them to the incorporation of new pedagogical frameworks guided by active teaching-learning methods. The study presented here was exploratory, referring to research done on the literature in the areas of health and education for the period ranging from 1941 -when the 1st National Health Conference was held -to 2007, when decree No. 1996 GM/MS. This decree was enacted setting new guidelines and strategies for the implementation of the National Policy of Continuing Education in Health, in order to highlight the importance of training human resources to consolidate the Unified Health System. It was found that there is a correlation between the claims emerging from the social needs identified in the construction of the Unified Health System and the proposals contained in the relevant legislation. It is worthy of note that the success of continuing education projects depends on the deep intertwining between educational processes and ins-titutional intervention that address the complexity of the ways of doing health. Keywords training of human resources in health; active methodologies; continuing education in health.

This study is focused on the application of the Paideia Matrix Support activities in in the Brazilian National Healthy System's medical residency programs. A mixed methods participatory research was conducted in a municipality outside the capital of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using the following strategies: exploratory questionnaire, participant observation and focus groups applied to "matrix inducers" (preceptors and interns) and "matrix appliers" (health center local teams). The data was systemized via triangulation of its content and analyzed through Paideia's Method theoretical and methodological framework. The participants acknowledgedthe innovative nature of such practice, resulting in an improvement of pedagogical and healthcare praxis.Keywords: Matrix support. Paideia methodology. Educational models. Intership and residency.Health system. Matrix Support Praxis and Pedagogical PraxisThe Paideia methodology proposes to approach the political, managerial, clinical, pedagogical, and collective health dimensions. Its first applications in the SUS

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