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The aim of the present study was to verify the association between seropositivity for IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and social, economic and environmental variables of pregnant women attending the public health centers of Paraná, Brazil. From January 2007 to July 2010, 2226 pregnant women were interviewed and detection of anti-T. gondii specific IgG and IgM antibodies was performed by chemiluminescence test. Seropositivity for anti-T. gondii IgG was observed in 1151 (51.7%) pregnant women, 29 of which (1.3%) presented IgM reagent with IgG of high avidity. The variables associated with the presence of IgG were residency in the rural area, more than one pregnancy, less than or equal to eight years schooling, low per capita income, age group, raw or poorly cooked meat ingestion, and contact with the soil. There was neither association with raw fruit and vegetable ingestion nor with the presence of cats in the residencies.

SUMMARYThe aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM nonreactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

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The aim of this study was to confirm the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu. The disease was diagnosed through the isolation and molecular identification of Leishmania infantum. In the first sample collection stage (2012), three lymph node aspirates and 46 buffy coat samples were obtained mostly from the dogs that were seroreagents for leishmaniasis. In the second sample collection stage (2013), the buffy coat samples were collected from 376 dogs located close to Paraguay, Paraná river, center and peripheral parts of the city. The DNA from the six isolates, four from the first sampling stage (4/49) and two from the second sampling stage (2/376), was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using the K26F/R primers. The isolate was confirmed as L. infantum by sequencing. As none of the dogs had ever left the city, the isolates were confirmed as autochthonous. Further, the study confirmed the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Paraná through the identification of L. infantum among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu city. Hence, collaborative control measures should be designed and implemented by the public agencies and research institutions of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay to control the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from localities in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná state, Brazil, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. Blood samples dogs were collected to perform the following serologic tests: immunochromatographic DPP® rapid test, indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In 2012, 285 dogs were analyzed on Argentina border, and in 2013, serum samples from 396 dogs on the border of Paraguay were collected. Using ELISA for screening and IFA for the confirmatory test, the results showed that the antibody prevalence was 1.8% (5/285) on the border of Argentina and 3.0% (12/396) on Paraguay border. When using the DPP® for screening and ELISA as a confirmatory analysis, we observed a seroreagent prevalence in dogs of 2.5% (7/285) on Argentina border and 5.1% (20/396) on Paraguay border. The non-public collection of domestic waste (p= 0.0004) was shown to be associated with leishmaniasis. This study shows the presence of leishmaniasis and suggest the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in state of Paraná due to the confirmed occurrence of seroreactive dogs on Argentina and Paraguay border, which has environmental and geographical characteristics that favor the spread of the parasite.

The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in humans and dogs living in two rural settlements in northern Paraná State. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to obtain socio-demographic information and possible associations with the infections, and the data were analyzed using EpiInfo®. Blood samples were collected from 216 humans and 169 dogs, and tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans was 79.1% (171/216) and in dogs was 82.2% (139/169). Among the variables analyzed for toxoplasmosis in humans the presence of young cats in the household (p = 0.031) and higher frequency with individuals > 18 years showed a significant association. A higher frequency of seropositive was observed in dogs aged > 1 year. The prevalence of leishmaniasis in humans was 7.4% (16/216) and in dogs was 8.2% (14/169). The variable presence of forest less than 200 meters from the residence had a significant association among both humans and dogs. Also for dogs, there was association with the presence of organic matter (leaves) around the household. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a high spread of T. gondii in both species and the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in humans and dogs indicates that there is transmission of Leishmania spp. in these localities. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, epidemiology, serology ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e Leishmania spp. em humanos e cães que vivem em dois assentamentos rurais no norte do Paraná. Um questionário epidemiológico foi aplicado para obter informações sociodemográficas e possíveis associações com as infecções, e os dados foram analisados pelo EpiInfo®. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 216 pessoas e 169 cães, e testados por imunofluorescência indireta. A prevalência de toxoplasmose em humanos foi de 79,1% (171/216) e em cães foi de 82,2% (139/169). Entre as variáveis analisadas para toxoplasmose em humanos a presença de gatos jovens no domicílio (p = 0,031) e maior freqüência de indivíduos >18 anos mostraram uma associação significativa. Uma maior frequência de soropositivos foi observada em cães com idade >1 ano. A prevalência de leishmaniose em seres humanos foi de 7,4% (16/216) e em cães foi de 8,2% (14/169). A variável presença de floresta a menos de 200 metros da residência apresentou uma associação significativa entre os seres humanos e cães. Também para os cães, houve associação com a presença de matéria orgânica (folhas) em torno da casa. Em conclusão, pode afirmar-se que existe uma grande propagação de T. gondii em ambas as espécies e a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em humanos e cães, indica que há transmissão de Leishmania spp. nessas localidades.