The objective of this study was to estimate the general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for earliness traits for line selection. Inheritance and interrelationships of earliness characters were evaluated in a line x tester design. Three intermediate-early-maturing female (lines) which are grown regionally and four early-maturing males (testers) cotton varieties were crossed in 2003. The twelve F(1) and seven parents were planted randomized block design with three replications in 2004. For each earliness trait, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability and gene effects were estimated using the line x tester method of analysis and also were determined heterosis and narrow sense heritability. Parents and their hybrids (except the monopodial branch) were significant for all the earliness traits studied. Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene effects for date of first square, date of first flowers and harvested rate of first picking. Among the lines, Ersan 92 and Maras 92 and among the testers Acala Royal was found to be the best general combiners for most of the earliness characters. Four out of twelve crosses namely Ersan 92 x Chirpan 603, Ersan 92 x Acala Maxa, Maras 92 x Acala Royal and Nazilli 87 x Acala Royal were found to be the best crosses for investigated earliness characters.

Determining the soil moisture in agricultural fields is a significant parameter to use irrigation systems efficiently. In contrast to standard soil moisture measurements, good results might be acquired in a shorter time over large areas by remote sensing tools. In order to estimate the soil moisture over vegetated agricultural areas, a relationship between Radarsat-2 data and measured ground soil moistures was established by polarimetric decomposition models and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN). The experiments were executed over two agricultural sites on the Tigris Basin, Turkey. The study consists of four phases. In the first stage, Radarsat-2 data were acquired on different dates and in situ measurements were implemented simultaneously. In the second phase, the Radarsat-2 data were pre-processed and the GPS coordinates of the soil sample points were imported to this data. Then the standard sigma backscattering coefficients with the Freeman-Durden and H/A/α polarimetric decomposition models were employed for feature extraction and a feature vector with four sigma backscattering coefficients (σhh, σhv, σvh, and σvv) and six polarimetric decomposition parameters (entropy, anisotropy, alpha angle, volume scattering, odd bounce, and double bounce) were generated for each pattern. In the last stage, GRNN was used to estimate the regional soil moisture with the aid of feature vectors. The results indicated that radar is a strong remote sensing tool for soil moisture estimation, with mean absolute errors around

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the best plant fiber source in the world and provides the raw material for industry. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is accepted as a major disease of cotton production. The most practical way to deal with verticillium wilt is to develop resistant/tolerant varieties after cultural practices. One of the effective selections in plant breeding is the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) via quantitative trait loci (QTL). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to discover the genetic markers associated with the disease. Through the association mapping analysis, common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained using 4730 SNP alleles. As a result, twenty-three markers were associated with defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) pathotype, twenty-one markers with non-defoliating (Vd11 isolate) pathotype, ten QTL with Disease Severity Index (DSI) of the leaves at the 50–60% boll opening period and eight markers were associated with DSI in the stem section. Some of the markers that show significant associations are located on protein coding genes such as protein Mpv17-like, 21 kDa protein-like, transcription factor MYB113-like, protein dehydration-induced 19 homolog 3-like, F-box protein CPR30-like, extracellular ribonuclease LE-like, putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LIN, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At3g62890-like, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, tubby-like F-box protein 8, endoglucanase 16-like, glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, metal tolerance protein 11-like, VAN3-binding protein-like, transformation/transcription domain-associated protein-like, pyruvate kinase isozyme A, ethylene-responsive transcription factor CRF2-like, molybdate transporter 2-like, IRK-interacting protein-like, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein, U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 4-like, microtubule-associated protein futsch-like, transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog, splicing factor 3B subunit 3-like, mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15a-like, putative ankyrin repeat protein, and protein networked 1D-like. It has been reported in previous studies that most of these genes are associated with biotic and abiotic stress factors. As a result, once validated, it would be possible to use the markers obtained in the study in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) breeding.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of water stress and non-stress conditions on cotton yield and fiber quality properties. A two-year field study was carried out at the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute (SAARI), in 2009 and 2010, with the aim of evaluating 12 cotton genotypes for yield and fiber quality properties under irrigated and water stress conditions. The experiment was laid out as a randomized split block design (RSBD) with four replications. Significant differences were observed among genotypes and water treatments for seed cotton yield, fiber yield, ginning percentage and all fiber quality properties except fiber uniformity. Yield differences among genotypes under water stress and non-stress conditions were higher during the first season. In both years, SER-18 and Stoneville 468 cotton genotypes produced higher yield under water stress conditions, while Stoneville 468 produced higher yield under well-irrigated conditions. The results during the two years indicated that seed cotton yield decreased (48.04%) and fiber yield decreased (49.41%), due to water stress. Ginning percentage and fiber quality properties were also negatively affected by water stress treatment. Fiber length, fiber strength, fiber fineness and fiber elongation were decreased, while fiber uniformity was not affected by water stress treatment.

Özet: Bu araştırma pamukta yapılan melezleme çalışmaları sonucunda geliştirilen ileri generasyondaki hatlarda verim ve lif kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü deneme alanında 2013-2014 yılları arasında iki yıl süre ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 6 adet ileri generasyondaki pamuk hattı ile 2 adet kontrol çeşit (Stoneville 468 ve GW Teks) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; kütlü pamuk verimi ve çırçır randımanı özelliklerinde genotip farklılığının önemli olduğu, lif uzunluğu, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif kopma uzaması, lif üniformite oranı yönünden hem genotip ve hem de yıl farklılığının önemli olduğu, kısa lif indeksi özelliğinde genotip, yıl ve genotip x yıl interaksiyonunun önemli bulunduğu, ilk el kütlü oranı ve lif inceliği özelliklerinin ise sadece yıl farklılığından önemli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kütlü pamuk verimi yönü ile GW Teks, KP-24, 2/2 ve 6/1 No'lu genotiplerin, çırçır randımanı yönü ile 30/4 ve Stoneville 468 hat/çeşitlerinin yüksek değer göstererek aynı istatistiki grupta yer aldıkları saptanmıştır. Lif uzunluğu yönünden Stoneville 468 çeşidi dışındaki tüm genotipler aynı istatistiki grupta yer almışlardır. Lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif üniformite oranı ve kısa lif içeriği özelliklerinde GW Teks kontrol çeşidinin, lif kopma uzaması yönü ile de Stoneville 468 ve 2/2 No'lu genotiplerin daha yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Pamuk, verim, lif teknolojik özellikler, genotip Determination of Yield and Fiber Quality Properties in AdvancedGeneration Lines in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine yield and quality characteristics of advanced generation cotton lines which developed by hybridization researches. Investigation was carried out in GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center's experiment area in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. In the study, six advanced generation cotton lines and two control cotton varieties (Stoneville 468 and GW Teks) were used as materials. The experiments were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for yield and ginning percentage; both genotypes and year were significant for fiber length, fiber strength, elongation, uniformity; genotypes, years and genotypes x year interaction was significant for short fiber index, and finally it was detected that first picking percentage and fiber fineness significantly affected from year differences. According to results of this study it was determined that GW Teks, KP-24, 2/2 and 6/1 genotypes showed higher values and shared similar statistical groups for seed cotton yield, 30/4 and Stoneville 468 for ginning percentage. All genotypes classified in the same group except Stoneville 468 for fiber length. GW Teks (control vari...