Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the best plant fiber source in the world and provides the raw material for industry. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is accepted as a major disease of cotton production. The most practical way to deal with verticillium wilt is to develop resistant/tolerant varieties after cultural practices. One of the effective selections in plant breeding is the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) via quantitative trait loci (QTL). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to discover the genetic markers associated with the disease. Through the association mapping analysis, common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained using 4730 SNP alleles. As a result, twenty-three markers were associated with defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) pathotype, twenty-one markers with non-defoliating (Vd11 isolate) pathotype, ten QTL with Disease Severity Index (DSI) of the leaves at the 50–60% boll opening period and eight markers were associated with DSI in the stem section. Some of the markers that show significant associations are located on protein coding genes such as protein Mpv17-like, 21 kDa protein-like, transcription factor MYB113-like, protein dehydration-induced 19 homolog 3-like, F-box protein CPR30-like, extracellular ribonuclease LE-like, putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LIN, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At3g62890-like, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, tubby-like F-box protein 8, endoglucanase 16-like, glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, metal tolerance protein 11-like, VAN3-binding protein-like, transformation/transcription domain-associated protein-like, pyruvate kinase isozyme A, ethylene-responsive transcription factor CRF2-like, molybdate transporter 2-like, IRK-interacting protein-like, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein, U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 4-like, microtubule-associated protein futsch-like, transport and Golgi organization 2 homolog, splicing factor 3B subunit 3-like, mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15a-like, putative ankyrin repeat protein, and protein networked 1D-like. It has been reported in previous studies that most of these genes are associated with biotic and abiotic stress factors. As a result, once validated, it would be possible to use the markers obtained in the study in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) breeding.
Screening of upland cotton genotypes against Verticillium wilt disease was conducted. The 268 upland cotton genotypes (Carmen and Acala Maxxa cultivar were tolerant- control while cvs. Cukurova 1518 and Acala SJ2 were susceptible-control) were screened against defoliating (PYDV6) and non-defoliating (Vd11) pathotypes of the fungus in a randomized plot design with four replications in growth chamber. Field experiment was established according to the augmented experimental design. Variance analysis was significant (p ≤ 0.05) for all traits against Verticillium wilt. Cvs. Semerkant Uzbek and Taskent 6 were more tolerant than the tolerant-control cultivars against both pathotypes. Most of the genotypes were tolerant in field trial in terms of disease severity that was the lowest for STN K311 genotype in both periods. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained in genotypes as BA119, Okra 204, H-23, Gedera-5, PI 528420 and Acala Royale, which were moderately tolerant to the wilt disease.
Pamuk dünyada ve ülkemizde önemli bir tekstil hammaddesi olmakla birlikte aynı zamanda lifi alındıktan sonra yağ ve yem sanayisi ile birlikte birçok endüstri koluna hammadde sağlamaktadır. Pamuk tohumunun yem ve yağ kaynağı olarak insan ve hayvan beslenmesinde kullanımı tohumun içerdiği gossypol maddesinden dolayı sınırlı kalmaktadır. Pamuk ıslah hedeflerinden biri de tohumunda gossypol içermeyen çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir. Böylece pamuktan elde edilen yağın kalitesi ve insan beslenmesinde kullanım yaygınlığı artabilecektir. Bu çalışma ile markör destekli seleksiyonu (MAS: Marker Asisted Selection) mümkün kılabilecek olan gossypol ile ilişkili markör geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma pamuk genetik stokumuzda bulunan ve yapılacak ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecek 48 adet pamuk genotipi ile yürütülmüştür. İlişkilendirme haritalaması çalışmalarında fenotipik veri olarak gövde (adet/cm2), yaprak (adet/cm2), koza (adet/cm2) ve tohumdaki (adet/mm2) gossypol beze sayıları ve tohum HPLC analizi verileri kullanılmıştır. Genotipik veri olarak genotipler arasında 37 adet SSR markörünün taranması sonucu elde edilen, 83 adet polimorfik bant kullanılmıştır. Genel Linear Modelde (GLM); gövdedeki gossypol ile ilişkili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile ilişki 4 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile ilişkili 8 adet, tohum HPLC sonuçları ile ilişkili 4 adet markör belirlenmiştir. Karışık linear modelde (MLM) ise gövdedeki gossypol ile ilişkili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile ilişki 12 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet markör belirlenmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de belirlenen 5 adet (BNL3130, BNL3627, JESPR7, BNL3449, BNL387, JESPER178) markör gossypol yönünden oluşturulmuş F2 popülasyonları gibi özel popülasyonlarda doğrulaması yapılarak, markör destekli seleksiyonda kullanımları mümkün olacaktır.
Verticillium Wilt Disease is one of the most important diseases affecting the rate of cotton yield. There is no economic chemical control for Verticillium wilt, but it is recommended to use resistant varieties to control this disease. This experiment was carried out in a randomized plot design with four replications in the growth chamber to determine the response of some cotton cultivars against a defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of Verticilllium dahliae Kleb. In the study, a total of twenty cotton cultivars i.e. the resistant control GIZA 75, the tolerant control CARMEN and the susceptible control ACALA SJ2, defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) and non-defoliating (Vd 11 isolate) pathotypes were used, and cotton varieties were tested using conidial suspension technique. Analysis of variance showed significantly (P<0.05) differences among cotton cultivars. The lowest disease severity for the defoliating pathotype was determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 (1.00), followed by the tolerant control CARMEN (1.75) and FAMOSA (1.87). The highest disease severity was determined in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 3.50 and BEREN by 3.12. The lowest disease severity for the nondefoliating pathotype was again determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 by 0.35, followed by the tolerant control CARMEN and GAIA. The highest disease severity value was again found in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 2.50 followed by BEREN 2.12. As a result, cotton cvs FAMOSA and GAIA were tolerant to Verticillium wilt and BEREN was found to be susceptible.
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