Clinicians should be aware that atypical genotypes are common in North America and have been associated with severe ocular and systemic disease and unusual presentations of toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.
Toxoplasma gondii DNA detection is essential to antenatally diagnose a congenital infection and reactivation of a past infection in an immunocompromised patient. Initially, PCR methods targeted the 35-fold repetitive B1 gene, and more recently, coding sequence Rep 529 has been preferred, as it was reported to be repeated 200- to 300-fold and yielded far better sensitivity than amplification of the B1 sequence. To date, few data are available in regard to the efficacy of Rep 529 for non-type II genotypes. In this study, we compared the results of B1 quantitative PCR (qPCR) with those of two different Rep 529 qPCRs performed on 111 samples in two different laboratories (Rep 529-1 and Rep 529-2). The performances of the 3 qPCRs were also compared according to the genotypes of the isolates for 13 type II and 21 non-type II samples. The performance of the Rep 529 target was superior to that of the B1 target regardless of the genotype (threshold cycle [CT] values for the Rep 529-1 and Rep 529-2 qPCRs were lower than those for the B1 qPCR [P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively]). The same results were observed when a comparison was made according to the genotype of the strain (type II and non-type II genotypes). To our knowledge, these results provide the first relative quantitative data revealing that the efficiency of Rep 529 qPCR does not depend on the genotype of T. gondii isolates and that, in fact, it is superior to B1 qPCR.
Dans cet article, nous avons couvert l’essentiel des étapes du développement d’un modèle de Shadow Rating pour les grandes entreprises. Après une analyse univariée du pouvoir prédictif de 20 variables financières (18 ratios, la taille et le secteur) sur un échantillon de 1101 notes de crédit émises par les quatre agences S&P, Moody’s, Fitch et DBRS, nous avons sélectionné un ratio par famille de risque pour estimer le modèle multifactoriel. Avec des taux de réplication à un cran près sur l’échantillon d’apprentissage de 89,5%,et sur l’échantillon de test de 87,3%,ce modèle semble largement capable d’expliquer et prédire la note des grandes entreprises à partir de leurs états financiers et de leurs secteurs. Les solutions que nous proposons viennent compléter la littérature en proposant un modèle de Shadow Rating conforme aux exigences actuelles de la CRR et à celles de Bâle III finalisé (BCBS, 2017) qui seront applicables à partir du 1er janvier 2023. Notre article est également un appel et une première pierre pour des dialogues plus transparents et des débats scientifiquement robustes entre agences de notation, banques et chercheurs en modèles de notation.
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