_____________________________________________________________________ AbstractThe paper explored the rural-urban
A sustainable ruminant production system ensures economically viable livestock systems that meet the current and future demands of animal products as well as the environmental safety of current and future generations. The study analyzed the determinants of ruminant farmers' use of sustainable production practices for climate change adaptation and mitigation in Enugu State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select ninety six (96) ruminant farmers that constituted the sample for the study. Semi-structured interview schedule with open ended questions was used in data collection. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson Moment Correlation statistics. Access to veterinary services (t = 2.056, p = 0.044), monthly household income (t = 3.582, p = 0.001) and annual income from ruminant production (t = −2.635, p = 0.011) were socio-economic factors that significantly influenced use of sustainable practices. The adjusted R- square implies that the three factors were able to explain 24% of variance in use of sustainable practices. There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.426, p = 0.000) between knowledge level of farmers and their use of sustainable production practices. Schemes for financial inclusion such as payment for ecosystem services can spur farmers to adopt mitigation strategies. Improved climate change knowledge can enhance ruminant farmer's resilience to the increasing impacts of climate change.
The study examined the use of herbicides among rural women farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling technique, 70 farmers were selected. Data were collected using structured interview schedule and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Some of the herbicides used by the respondents were Primextra (22.9%), Force up (21.5%), Raze down (18.6%) and Tackle (18.6%). The majority (64.3%) applied herbicide twice in one growing season. The mean quantity applied was 8.5 litres. On the farmers' knowledge level of use of herbicides, the majority (51.8%) of the women had moderate knowledge on herbicide technology The respondents practised cleaning and rinsing of sprayers after use ( =1.31), using separate utensil for mixing herbicides ( =1.39) and washing of clothes used or spraying separately from other clothes ( =1.14). The perceived major constraints to the use of herbicides were inadequate training ( =1.12), inadequate awareness ( =1.10), and high cost of herbicides ( =1.07). The study concluded that most of the farmers had moderate level of knowledge and poor practises on herbicide use and this will likely have negative impact on the crop and health of farmers and hence recommended increase in extension contact for awareness and training of farmers on right use of herbicides.
This study examined the relationship between cultural biases and farmer-herder conflicts in Taraba State, Nigeria. The population was made up of 973 respondents comprising the households of selected farmers and herders in Taraba State. The sample size of210 was selected using purposive sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was an 18-item questionnaire. One hundred and ninety-five (195) copies of the questionnaire were successfully retrieved and analysed. Mean and standard deviation was used to summarise the data. Findings indicated that cultural barriers which spots nomads as strangers in farming communities is among some aspects of cultural biases that promote farmer-herder conflicts in Taraba State. Government should come up with policies that will reduce the vegetative impact of cultural preferences and barriers. Keywords: Cultural biases, farmer-herder conflicts, socio-economic activities
The study ascertained actors' perception of the poultry value chain approach of the Commercial Agricultural Development Project (CADP) in Enugu State, Nigeria. Seventy-one poultry value chain (PVC) actors constituted the sample for the study. Data were analysed using percentages, charts and mean scores. Results show that all (100%) the service providers provided information on how to use drugs and vaccines. The proportion of producers that reared broiler in 2010 were 51% which attained a peak level of 55.8% in 2011 and slightly declined thereafter, while 49% of them reared layers in 2010, which declined to 44.2% in 2011 and continued with an undulating trend. Generally, the actors perceived the poultry value chain approach of CADP satisfactory. The service providers and producers were satisfied with linkage with other actors in the poultry value chain ( =2.50) while the processors were satisfied with frequency of contact with facilitators ( =3.00). Major constraints to the effective performance of the PVC actors identified by 158 the producers include; high cost of accessing information from web ( =4.00). Also, processors' and marketers perceived constraints were lack of trust in communicating with other actors ( =2.50) and low literacy level of actors ( =3.00), respectively. Government and donor agencies should ensure timely supply of inputs for actors at the different value chain segments to ensure efficient and productive chain activity.
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