In the present study, Raman spectroscopy has been employed in the discrimination of the saliva of normal subjects from patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinomaat 785-nm excitation. From the spectral signatures, prominent difference between normal and abnormal group because of variations in metabolic and pathological conditions of the subjects was observed. Principal component analysis coupled with linear discriminant analysis yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 96.4 and 93.8% and a specificity of 70.2 and 95.7% in the classification of normal from premalignant and normal from malignant, respectively, confirming the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in the classification of normal and oral abnormalities.
Zinc oxide is recognized as one of the best antimicrobial agents. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were fabricated through a green approach using zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, and zinc acetate dihydrate as precursors and an extract of Justicia adhatoda leaves as a reducing agent. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were checked for their antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the fungal strains Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigates. All three zinc oxide nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of microbes by the release of zinc ions and production of reactive oxygen species followed by destruction of microbes. Antimicrobial results of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the three different precursors were compared.
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