Evaluation of craniofacial morphology in OSA patients is bound to help the concerned specialist in recognizing the morphological changes induced by altered sleep pattern so as to provide the appropriate treatment.

An asymmetry caused by a complete lingual crossbite can compromise aesthetics and impair occlusal function. The following case report describes the correction of a complete lingual crossbite using orthodontic mini implants and mini-plates to achieve absolute anchorage. A comprehensive correction of the crossbite and re-establishment of the buccal occlusion was achieved.

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is one of the most preferred employers. Good HR practices, favourable individual development opportunities, an employee-friendly work environment and development opportunities makes it so. In fact, training and development has been at the core in the glorious journey of BHEL. Way back in the 1960s even before the factories came up, training schools (later known as Human Resource Development Centres-HRDCs) were the first to come up at BHEL plants in Bhopal, Hardwar and Hyderabad. BHEL takes pride in the fact that it was the first among the pioneers in Indian PSUs to establish an exclusive setup for training people, when terms like OD/HRD were still new to HR professionals and academicians in India. In the present times of VUCAD 2 (volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous and digitally disruptive) business environment, this quest for learning-unlearning and relearning has become all the more important. Thus, BHEL has created Corporate Learning and Development (CLD) function with the underlying theme 'Learn-Share-Develop for Tomorrow' for 'Creating BHEL of Tomorrow'. Through various interventions at various levels, we ensure that the prime resource of the organization-the human capital-is always in a state of readiness to meet the dynamic challenges posed by the fast changing environment. Keywords Best HR and HRD practices, opportunities for individual development, conducive working environment and culture

Study Objectives:To assess the role of facial pattern as a contributing factor in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to study the relationship between craniofacial abnormalities, obesity, and severity of OSA. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 adult patients in the age group of 20 to 65 years who received a diagnosis of OSA with apneahypopnea index (AHI) of 10 events/h by overnight polysomnography were chosen for the study. The data included patient age, sex, polysomnography report, body mass index, and neck circumference. Lateral cephalograms were obtained for all the subjects in a standardized natural head position with the teeth in maximum intercuspation. All the lateral cephalograms were scanned and digitized using Dolphin software by a single observer to evaluate the craniofacial pattern. Results: OSA was predominantly seen among the middle-aged males. Approximately 50% of the patients had severe OSA and demonstrated the following significant craniofacial and soft-tissue abnormalities such as maxillary and mandibular retrognathism with decreased mandibular length, class II skeletal pattern, increased lower anterior facial height resulting in hyperdivergent face, and anteroinferiorly positioned hyoid bone. There was a significant increase in soft-tissue length and thickness and decreased posterior airway space. Mandibular position (SNB angle) was the single most important cephalometric variable that was strongly associated in determining the severity of OSA. Conclusions: There is a well-established relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and craniofacial morphology in patients exhibiting craniofacial abnormalities.

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General dental condition: Mild attrition in relation to 22, 33, 43. Crowding/spacing Maxillary arch: Mild crowding present in upper anterior region Indian Board of Orthodontics: Case Report intRoduction R UB, a female patient presented with the chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth.

Objective To evaluate the geometrical effects of double keyhole loop (DKHL) and T-loop and its forces and moments during en mass space closure using finite element method. Materials and Methods A 3-dimensional finite element model of maxillary arch was created and stimulated for first premolar extraction case with 0.022 slot Roth prescription bracket. DKHL and T-loop arch wire were created using 19×25 stainless steel and was opened 1 mm for activation using 2 different methods. The study was divided into 2 groups based on the loop design, method of activation, and degree of Gable bend. The stress distribution, tooth displacement, and moment-force ratio were calculated. Result The overall stress distribution was more or less uniform in all the groups. However, maximum von Mises stress was observed in the second premolar region for both the groups. There was greater torque and vertical control in the anterior segment and better anchorage control in posterior segment with increase in degree of Gable bend for both the loops activated using ligature tie. Moment-force ratio of 8-10 was achieved for both the loops. Conclusion Therefore, DKHL was as efficient as T-loop in producing the desirable biomechanical properties during en mass space closure.