The greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the principal pests of Triticum aestivum L. and may be responsible for the injection of toxins, the transmission of viral infections and, ultimately, plant death. The aphid can be controlled by the use of selective insecticides or with the application of silicon. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of imidacloprid and silicon on the feeding behaviour of S. graminum on wheat plants. Aphids collected from and reared on sorghum plants were maintained in a growth room at 25 ± 2°C; 12 h photoperiod. Seeds of the wheat cultivar EMBRAPA 22 were planted in plastic pots containing a commercially available soil substrate and thinned out 8 days after sowing to leave two vigorously growing seedlings in each pot. Four treatments (each replicated 25 times) were applied: (i) seeds were treated with imidacloprid (36 g/100 kg) 1 day prior to sowing; (ii) silicon (50 ml of 1% silicic acid; equivalent to a dose of 1000 kg of silicon/ha) was applied directly to the substrate 10 days after plant emergence; (iii) the described treatments with imidacloprid and silicon were applied jointly; and (iv) neither seeds nor substrate were treated (untreated controls). Electrical penetration graph assays were performed 15, 30 and 45 days after plant emergence. The results showed that wheat seed treatment with imidacloprid and/or the application of silicon to the substrate reduced both the feeding time of S. graminum and the percentage of insects that fed on phloem sap. Moreover, this study provides further support that the action of silicon may not be restricted to physical resistance (constitutive or induced) but may also involve induced plant chemical defence.

). L. sidoides oil contained 42.33% thymol and 4.56% carvacrol, while L. gracilis oil contained 10% thymol and 41.7% carvacrol. Mycelial growth and conidial production of T. paradoxa were completely inhibited by thymol at a 0.3 μL m -1 concentration. The results suggest that thymol could potentially be used for controlling coconut stem bleeding.

RESUMO.O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito de tratamentos inseticidas, na produção e no controle da disseminação de vírus por afídeos vetores e o teor de resíduos observados nos tubérculos submetidos a esses tratamentos. Foram empregadas as cultivares, Ágata e Emeraude com Potato vírus Y. O modelo utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo: 1) pulverização semanal (PS), com a última aos 55 dias após o plantio (DAP); 2) PS com a última aos 69 DAP; 3) PS, com a última aos 69 DAP + aplicação de Cabrio Top; 4) pulverização a cada cinco dias, sendo a última aos 69 DAP; 5) PS sendo a última aos 80 DAP e 6) controle, sem pulverização, todos combinados com dois tratamentos de sulco (Imidacloprid e Phorate). Observou-se que a maioria dos tratamentos não impediu a disseminação dos vírus. Palavras-chave: Myzus persicae, Potato virus Y.ABSTRACT. Control of virus spread through vectors on potato fields. The objective the work was to investigate the effect of insecticide treatments on virus spread and in potato yield, as well as to evaluate the residue value of the insecticides employed in the tubers subjected to these treatments. The experiment was carried out with two cultivars in randomized blocks with 40 tubers, 4 replications and 12 treatments, as follows: 1) insecticide spraying (SI) on leaves once a week, with the last application at 55 days after planting (DAP); 2) SI on leaves once a week, with the last application at 69 DAP; 3) SI on leaves once a week, with the last application at 69 DAP + application of Cabrio Top; 4) SI on leaves every five days, with the last application at 69 DAP; 5) SI on leaves once a week, with the last application at 80 DAP; and 6) control, with no insecticides after plant emergence; and all of them combined with 2 soil treatments (Imidacloprid and Phorate). Those results show that the application of insecticides is useless when the potato seed has a high PVY incidence.