Critical discourse analysis is a view of language in discourse analysis that views powers as always involved in forming subjects represented in language. The AWK model used in this paper is Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis, which generally analyzes media texts, can also be used to analyze literary works, including novels. The novel analyzed by Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis is the novel Bumi Manusia by Manusiaya Ananta Toer. Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis examines text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. The three aspects of Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis can be answered through the descriptive method text section the researcher can find three basic elements in the Norman Fairclough model, namely elements of representation, relations, and identity in the novel Bumi Manusia. Meanwhile, this paper will only discuss one element, namely representation. The result of this research is that culture is found in the text of the novel Bumi Manusia, in the form of daily behavior, language, clothes, to the names that appear in the text of the novel. In the text of the Bumi Manusia novel, there are also several cultures, not only Indonesian culture but, there is also Dutch culture by the contents of the story or synopsis of the novel describes indigenous life side by side with the Dutch.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pergeseran terjemahan subtitle film Aftershock dari bahasa Mandarin ke bahasa Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data berupa satuan lingual kata, frasa, klausa dalam bentuk narasi. Data dianalisis berdasarkan pergeseran terjemahan menurut Catford yakni category shift. Dari 40 data, terdapat unit shift sebanyak 16 data (40%), structure shift sebanyak 10 data (25%), class shift sebanyak 8 data (20%), dan intra system shift sebanyak 6 data (15%). Bentuk pergeseran terjemahan paling dominan pada film Aftrershock adalah unit shift dengan bentuk frasa ke kata yang disebut dengan down rank shift (40%). Pergeseran itu terjadi disebabkan karena pengaruh teknik dalam penerjemahan seperti pengurangan. Akibatnya, terjadi pergeseran peringkat dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Penggunaan teknik pengurangan pada proses penerjemahan subtitle ini tidak mengubah makna bahasa sumber, justru dapat menjaga kealamiahan (naturalisasi) pada bahasa sasaran
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