Critical discourse analysis is a view of language in discourse analysis that views powers as always involved in forming subjects represented in language. The AWK model used in this paper is Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis, which generally analyzes media texts, can also be used to analyze literary works, including novels. The novel analyzed by Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis is the novel Bumi Manusia by Manusiaya Ananta Toer. Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis examines text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. The three aspects of Norman Fairclough’s discourse analysis can be answered through the descriptive method text section the researcher can find three basic elements in the Norman Fairclough model, namely elements of representation, relations, and identity in the novel Bumi Manusia. Meanwhile, this paper will only discuss one element, namely representation. The result of this research is that culture is found in the text of the novel Bumi Manusia, in the form of daily behavior, language, clothes, to the names that appear in the text of the novel. In the text of the Bumi Manusia novel, there are also several cultures, not only Indonesian culture but, there is also Dutch culture by the contents of the story or synopsis of the novel describes indigenous life side by side with the Dutch.
Language variety can be something beyond a single language and something less than a dialect. A specific variation of a language is a unique collection of 'linguistics items' or human speech patterns-sounds, words, and grammatical features related to external factors-a geographic region or a social group. It is a qualitative investigation employing synchronous internet interviews. This online synchronous interview study investigates the perspectives of linguistic variants among postgraduate students of a university in North Sumatra. Findings are comparable to previous research that sought to identify contributors to the achievement gap. Differences in linguistic backgrounds may substantially impact speech and academic performance. The findings show that the achievement gap may be partially attributable to differences in task complexity: children from outside the city who speak a different dialect are more likely to struggle with English learning. This study concludes that the respondents' perceptions are as follows: dialect influences the learning process, hinders learning spoken English, and speaks the language as they mature. Consequently, dialect might cause listeners to be perplexed when they hear an English speaker utilizing it.
Since many people have different cultural groups or cultural values sometimes causes misunderstandings. The research used descriptive qualitative which to investigate the different perspectives of both cultures such as the problem of misunderstanding of communication, the difference in communication styles and also to investigate the contrasting perspective in oral or written communication. The respondents of the research are Indonesian and Malaysian who took on social media YouTube. In collecting the data, the researchers used the observation with a video on YouTube and used diary notes to write the essential data of the research. The results shown that even though Malaysia and Indonesia are neighboring countries and these two countries almost have similar cultures, there are some different perspectives of understanding, especially in communication. Two aspects of communication became the issues of these two countries such as verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The different perspectives of communication style which classified into two aspects, namely verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The different perspective of verbal communication style occurs by using the words used or intonation to communicate or transfer the meaning. Meanwhile, the different perspectives of verbal communication style can be seen in the mannerism such as gestures or mimicking of people.
This paper is aimed at describing the cyberbullying issues that occur in social media platform especially in Instagram. The qualitative method is used in this paper. The data source is obtained from several Indonesian Celebrity Instagram accounts through case study approach. Through this paper, the researcher presents several examples of cyberbullying cases, what motives that cause someone to become a bully, and what are the impact that will occur in victims of bullying. By identifying and analysing all the data, the researcher found the motives of someone became a bully, such as; do not like the presence and personality of others, tends to saying negative comments which immoral and abusive, to entertain others by mocking someone, having bad personality such as envy, jealousy of someone’s achievements, having high of self-confident, think the bullies are better and more qualified than the victims and assume that cyberbullying is a natural thing.
This study aims to describe local wisdom in the martumba tradition in the Toba Batak community in Sianjur Mula-Mula Village, Sianjur Mula-Mula District, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra Province. Local wisdom in the martumba tradition can be seen in every tumba in that tradition. Local wisdom is a cultural heritage that is always present in a tradition and can be preserved to be passed down from generation to generation. The method used in this tradition is the qualitative method. The data used in this study is the local wisdom that exists in this tradition. The results of this study are that there are five (5) local wisdoms in the Martumba tradition, namely social solidarity and mutual cooperation, kinship, mutual respect, gratitude and cultural preservation.
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