Single point diamond turning is now gaining increasing importance with the production of the surfaces for different optical systems such as infrared systems, the prototype production of camera phones or head mounted displays featuring plastic lenses, or master manufacturing for the injection moulding of plastic lenses for mass products. Tolerances which occur during single point diamond turning of aspheric surfaces and diffractive elements or during polar coordinate laser plotting of computer-generated holograms will be examined. In both cases we expect similar tolerances, because the work piece is rotated in both diamond turning and laser plotting. The objective is to understand the typical tolerances and to simulate their influence on the aberrations in the optical system.
An improved method of optimizing the focal properties of holographic synchrotron diffraction gratings for use in normal and grazing incidence monochromators is presented. Generation of holographic line patterns on spherical blanks by aspheric wave interference considerably reduces the main aberrations of classic Rowland -type gratings. Especially in grazing incidence, the correction of coma at two points in the spectral range (4 to 12 nm) yields a substantial increase of spectral resolution. Super-smooth surfaces of blanks and interferometer elements together with an elaborate photo resist and ion beam etching technology are the main requirements for the generation of such high -performance diffraction gratings.
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