The eyelids of goats in Kenya contained several, conspicuous white cysts which were up to 1.5 mm in size. By histological and electron microscopical studies it was confirmed that these cysts belong to the genus Besnoitia.

A total of 305 total or proximal gastrectomies for gastric carcinoma were performed in 291 patients. Of the tumors 51.5% were of the intestinal‐type and 35.7% were of the diffuse‐type of carcinoma. Proximal gastrectomy was performed in 68 patients, total gastrectomy in 230, and anastomotic resection in 7. In 25 patients a reresection for recurrent carcinoma was performed. After total gastrectomy the main reconstructive procedures were end‐to‐side esophago‐jejunostomy and Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy. The hospital mortality rate was 13.4%. The main causes of death were anastomotic leakage and pulmonary embolism. The incidence of leakage was 10.8% and the complication proved fatal in 36.4% of the patients who developed it. After Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction only 8% of the patients with leakage died. After curative operations 27% of the patients survived for over 5 years (relative survival rate of 33%). The 5‐year survival rates for the intestinal‐type and diffusetype of carcinoma were similar, but the 10‐year survival rate for intestinal‐type of carcinoma was significantly better. In our view a relatively high mortality rate after total or proximal gastrectomy has to be accepted when older patients are concerned, and when no other curative procedure is possible on account of the site and extent of invasion of the tumor. However, in cases where radical resection can be achieved by means of subtotal gastrectomy, this method is best. At present, in cases of the diffuse‐type of carcinoma of the corpus, we perform a total gastrectomy instead of subtotal gastrectomy. In the small series of reresections the results were encouraging.

Studies on seasonality and population dynamics of ticks on indigenous cattle and their crosses (calves) were carried out in Buruli Ranching Scheme, Nabiswera, Luwero district of Uganda on three treatment groups of animals: group 1 (twice a week dipping), group 2 (once a month dipping) and group 3 (no tick control). During this study, four major species of ticks of economic importance were recorded in decreasing order of abundance: Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decoloratus. Of these ticks, a seasonal pattern of activity was only observed in R. appendiculatus ticks, with peak activities occurring during rainy seasons. Greater numbers of ticks were recorded on cows than calves in the three treatment groups, with the exception of A. variegatum where the reverse occurred. The mean numbers of ticks per animal were highly significantly different (p < 0.01) when group 1 animals were compared with group 2 and 3 animals. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in mean tick numbers between group 2 and 3 animals. Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in mean tick numbers on cows and calves (more than 12 months old) in different calving seasons. The state of lactation only affected tick counts on cows in group 1; significantly more ticks (p < 0.01) were observed in lactating than non-lactating cows. Furthermore, significantly greater (p < 0.05) numbers of ticks (with the exception of B. decoloratus) were recorded during the second year of study (March 1992-May 1993) than the first year (January 1991-February 1992), despite lower rainfall during the former period.

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