In wireless sensor networks with dynamic clustering, the cluster heads are usually not selected on the basis of their locations. This causes irregular distribution of cluster heads and highly variable number of nodes in the clusters. Also, some of the clusters are spread over large areas within the network, causing limited spatial correlation between associated sensor nodes. These irregularities in cluster placements and dimensions negatively impact the efficiency of a wireless sensor network. For example, for a cooperative data aggregation, it necessitates variable or large sized packets while the aggregations, based on spatial correlation of sensor nodes, cannot be exploited easily. In this paper, we have developed a Distributed Uniform Clustering Algorithm (DUCA) for cluster based WSN. In DUCA, cluster formation mechanism is based on a virtual-grid system and sensing ranges of nodes that provide even distribution of clusters, homogenized cluster sizes, and reduced energy consumption. Simulation results show that DUCA improves the distribution of cluster heads by more than 2 times and reduces the energy consumption within a range of 15% to 50% as compared to the existing protocols.
Abstract-A number of prefix delegation-based schemes have been proposed in the literature to solve the route optimization problem in mobile networks. The route optimization solutions generate overheads and affect the performance of mobile networks. However, currently there is no tool available to aid in the selection of an appropriate scheme for a given mobility scenario. The objective of this paper is to develop analytical models for prefix delegation based schemes and compare the performance of the schemes for different mobility scenarios. Results show that the performance of a scheme depends on the characteristics of the mobile network, and there is no single scheme which suits all mobility scenarios.
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