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This paper describes a new calibration system developed at INMETRO to guarantee traceability of lowfrequency alternating current (ac) voltage calibrations (<1 kHz) to a programmable Josephson ac waveform synthesizer. The automated full-synchronous system allows the synchronization of a commercial calibrator or signal synthesizer with a programmable Josephson voltage synthesizer system to be made by employing digital sampling and signal processing techniques, aided by adaptive digital control. It allows accurate determination of the spectral content of ac signals with minimum human intervention. System operation, measurement techniques, and data analysis are detailed. Index Terms-AC voltage, digital signal processing, Josephson, measurement standards, power, spectral analysis. Waldemar G. Kürten Ihlenfeld was born in União da Vitória, Brazil, in 1960. He received the B.Eng. degree from the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, in 1983, and the M.Eng. and Ph.D. (magna cum laude) degrees in electrical engineering from Braunschweig Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany, in 1994 and 1997, respectively. He was with the Central Laboratory, LAC, Curitiba, from 1983 to 1999, a research institute of the Federal University of Paraná and the Power Utility Company of Paraná. From 1999 to 2013, he was with Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, where he was involved in research and development of precision electronic circuits for ac power measurements, and mathematical modeling of sampling systems and investigating electro-thermal modeling of semiconductor devices. He is currently involved in developing sampling systems in the frame of the project Pronametro with the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e he collaborated with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA, as a Guest Researcher in Josephson Systems. He is responsible for the dissemination of the Brazil legal volt and for maintaining internationally consistent and traceable voltage standards tied to the SI units. His current research interests include ac and dc Josephson voltage standards and quantum Hall systems and their applications in metrology, ac-dc transfer standards, and power and energy metrology.

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Three comparisons of ac–dc voltage transfer difference held from January to December 2004 are reported. Six NMIs in the SIM region took part: NRC (Canada), NIST (United States of America), CENAM (Mexico), INTI (Argentina), UTE (Uruguay) and INMETRO (Brazil).The comparisons were proposed to assess the measurement capabilities in ac–dc voltage transfer difference of the NMIs in the SIM region. The test points were selected to link the results with the equivalent CCEM Key Comparisons, through three NMIs participating in both SIM and CCEM key comparisons. Additionally, a SIM.EM-Supplementary comparison was proposed, in support of the SIM NMIs' power/energy meter calibration capabilities. One technical protocol and one travelling standard were used, to economize on time and resources.The report shows the degree of equivalence in the SIM region and also the degree of equivalence with the corresponding CCEM reference value. The results of all participants support the values and uncertainties of the applicable CMC entries for ac–dc voltage transfer difference in the Key Comparison Database held at the BIPM.Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).