The present study evaluated the influence of 2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite on the resin sealer/dentin interface bond strength of AH Plus/gutta-percha and Epiphany/Resilon. Seventy-two extracted bovine incisors were randomly distributed into 6 groups according to irrigant and sealers: G S+AH =physiologic saline solution+AH Plus/gutta-percha; G S+Ep =physiologic saline solution+Epiphany/Resilon; G H+AH =2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)+AH Plus/gutta-percha; G H+Ep =2.5% NaOCl+Epiphany/ Resilon; G C+AH =2% chlorhexidine (CHX)+AH Plus/gutta-percha; and G C+Ep =2% CHX +Epiphany/Resilon. After 7 days at 377C and 100% humidity, the roots were cut transversally on the long axis of the tooth in 0.8 mm (±0.09)-thick slices; these slices were then subjected to the push-out test. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at 5% significance. The AH Plus/gutta-percha groups showed significantly higher bond strength than the Epiphany/Resilon groups, regardless of the irrigant used (p<0.001). Sodium hypochlorite adversely affected bond strength in the AH Plus group, whereas chlorhexidine did not influence the push-out bond strength of either sealer (p<0.05). Two percent chlorhexidine did not adversely affect the bond strength of the sealers, whereas 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution damaged AH Plus/gutta-percha bond strength.

ObjectiveThis study tested rat connective tissue response to RealSeal, RealSeal primer or AH Plus after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of implantation.Material and methodsThirty Wistar rats had subcutaneous sockets created on their back and received four implants each of polyethylene tubes containing one of the materials tested according to the groups: AH (AH Plus Sealer); RS (RealSeal Sealer); RP (RealSeal Primer); CG (control group – empty tube). After histological processing, sections were analyzed to identify the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and giant cells, as well as fibrous capsule and abscesses, by an examiner using light microscope. Kruskal- Wallis and multiple-comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 5%.ResultsLymphoplasmacytic infiltrate scores significantly higher than those of the control group were observed at 14 and 60 days in AH group, and at 90 days in RS group (p<0.05). There were no differences in terms of presence of macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, neutrophils or fibrosis. AH Plus group scored higher for abscesses at 7 days than after any other period (p=0.031). RP group scored higher for lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at 14 days than at 90 days (p=0.04).ConclusionThe main contribution of this study was to demonstrate that issues involved with tissue tolerance of a Resilon-containing sealer, RealSeal Sealer, cannot be attributed to its primer content.

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das obturações dos canais radiculares realizados por estudantes de graduação em Odontologia. A amostra foi constituída por 156 canais radiculares obturados e analisados através de radiografi as periapicais. Compuseram a análise dentes uni e multirradiculares com tratamento endodôntico concluído há pelo menos dois anos. As radiografi as foram avaliadas por três endodontistas calibrados. A condição periapical foi classifi cada como tendo ou não presença de lesão. Já a qualidade da obturação radicular foi determinada através de dois parâmetros: a relação do comprimento da obturação com a extensão do canal e a qualidade da condensação do material obturador. Os resultados mostraram que 75 canais (48%) foram classifi cados como tendo qualidade de tratamento satisfatória. Em 101 canais radiculares (64,5%), observou-se a presença de lâmina dura, caracterizando, portanto, uma condição periapical normal. Palavras-chave:Proservação; Qualidade do tratamento endodôntico; Condição periapical; Estudantes. AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the periapical condition and the quality of root canal fi llings accomplished by undergraduate students. The sample was constituted by 156 fi lled root canals of one-root and multi-root teeth whose treatment conclusion had happened at least two years before. Periapical radiographies were evaluated by three calibrated endodontists. The periapical condition was classifi ed as having or not having periapical lesion. The quality of the root fi lling was determined using two parameters: the relationship between the length of the fi lling with the extension of the canal and the quality of the condensation of the fi lling material. The results showed that 75 (48%) root canals were classifi ed as possessing satisfactory treatment quality. In 101 root canals (64.5%), the presence of hard layer was observed, characterizing a normal periapical condition.

Aim: To evaluate, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the influence of 17% EDTA final irrigation on the penetration of an endodontic resin-based sealer into dentinal tubules after use of 2% chlorhexidine gel. Methods: Forty extracted bovine incisors were instrumented according to the groups: G1 -root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel (n=10); G2 -root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel and final irrigation with 17% EDTA (n=10); G3 -root canal preparation with saline and final irrigation with 17% EDTA (n=10); G4 -root canal preparation with saline (n=10). The samples were filled with gutta-percha using AH Plus sealer with rhodamine B fluorescent dye. After seven days, the teeth were sectioned at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and viewed under confocal microscope. The most representative area of penetration depth was measured in each group. Statistical significance for the sealer penetration area was determined among groups using one-way ANOVA followed by Tuckey test. For thirds comparison, in each group, data were statistically analyzed using Friedman test (p<0.05). Results:The maximum penetration was provided by G2 -2% chlorhexidine + EDTA (p=0.000). According to this criterion, no differences were found among the other groups and among thirds within the same group. Conclusions: Based on these results, the use of 17% EDTA should be indicated after root canal preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel for smear layer removal, enhancing the AH Plus sealer penetration.

Introduction: In 1866, in the University of Ohio graduated the first woman in the history of Dentistry, The inclusion of women in dentistry has occurred slowly and gradually, following the historical and cultural development of society. One factor that makes women choose the dental career is being able to perform the work autonomously. Objective: Knowing the growth of women's participation in the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS-FO). Materials and Methods: The documents that contained all of the graduates of FO-UFRGS, in the period between 1900 and 2010, were analyzed. Results: In 1904, graduated the first three female students. In the early 60s, there was a steady increase in women's participation rate reached 45%. In 2010, women constitute 68% of the students of the Faculty. Conclusions: We conclude that the woman started early on their participation in dentistry in the State. From this period until the present day there has been a gradual increase in this participation, culminating in their numerical predominance in relation to males.