The electronic structure of a genuine paramagnetic des-oxo Mo(V) catalytic intermediate in the reaction of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) with (CH3)3NO has been probed by EPR, electronic absorption and MCD spectroscopies. EPR spectroscopy reveals rhombic g- and A-tensors that indicate a low-symmetry geometry for this intermediate and a singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) that is dominantly metal centered. The excited state spectroscopic data were interpreted in the context of electronic structure calculations, and this has resulted in a full assignment of the observed magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and electronic absorption bands, a detailed understanding of the metal-ligand bonding scheme, and an evaluation of the Mo(V) coordination geometry and Mo(V)-Sdithiolene covalency as it pertains to the stability of the intermediate and electron transfer regeneration. Finally, the relationship between des-oxo Mo(V) and des-oxo Mo(IV) geometric and electronic structures is discussed relative to the reaction coordinate in members of the DMSOR enzyme family.
A model system for the molybdenum cofactor has been developed that illustrates the non-innocent behavior of a N-heterocycle appended to a dithiolene chelate on molybdenum. The pyranopterin of the molybdenum cofactor is modeled by a quinoxalyl-dithiolene ligand (S2BMOQO) formed from reaction of a molybdenum tetrasulfide and a quinoxalyl alkyne. The resulting complexes TEA[Tp*MoX(S2BMOQO)] (1, X = S; 3, X = O; TEA = tetraethylammonium; Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) undergo a dehydration-driven intramolecular cyclization within the quinoxalyl-dithiolene forming Tp*MoX(pyrrolo-S2BMOQO) (2, X= S; 4, X= O). 4 can be oxidized by one electron to produce the Mo(5+) complex 5. In a preliminary report of this work evidence from X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies, and DFT bonding calculations revealed that 4 possesses an unusual asymmetric dithiolene chelate with significant thione-thiolate character. The results described here provide a detailed description of the reaction conditions that lead to formation of 4. Data from cyclic voltammetry, additional DFT calculations and several spectroscopic methods (infrared, electronic, resonance Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance) have been used to characterize the properties of members in this suite of five Mo(S2BMOQO) complexes and further substantiate the highly electron-withdrawing character of the pyrrolo-S2BMOQO ligand in 2 and 4. This study of the unique non-innocent ligand S2BMOQO provides examples of the roles that the N-heterocycle pterin can play as an essential part of the molybdenum cofactor. The versatile nature of dithiolene appended by heterocycles may aid in modulating the redox processes of the molybdenum center during the course of enzyme catalysis.
A new monoanionic dithiolene ligand is found in Tp*MoO(S2BMOQO). A combination of x-ray crystallography, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies, and bonding calculations reveal that the monoanionic dithiolene ligand possesses considerable thiolate-thione character resulting from admixture of an intraligand charge transfer excited state into the ground state wavefunction. The unusual dithiolene exhibits a highly versatile donor-acceptor character that dramatically lowers the Mo(IV/V) redox couple and points to a potentially non-innocent role of the pterin fragment in pyranopterin Mo enzymes.
A monooxo Mo(VI) model complex for the oxidized active site in the DMSOR family of molybdoenzymes has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound was obtained from the desoxo Mo(IV) derivative by clean oxygen atom transfer from an amine N–oxide in a manner similar to that observed in the enzyme. A combination of electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies, coupled with the results of bonding and excited state calculations, has been used to provide strong support for a highly covalent Mo(dxy)-S(dithiolene) π* bonding interaction in the Mo(VI) complex. It is proposed that the resulting Mo-S covalency facilitates electron transfer regeneration of the catalytically competent DMSOR Mo(IV) active site.
Metallo-dithiolene non-innocence is explored in an oxomolybdenum-bis(dithione) complex, [Mo4+O(i-Pr2Pipdt)2Cl][PF6] (where i-Pr2Pipdt is N,N’-piperazine-2,3-dithione), that possesses a piperazine ring as an integral part of the dithiolene ligand. The title complex displays unusual spectroscopic features for a formally reduced Mo(IV) dithiolene complex, namely a low energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer band with appreciable intensity and C-C and C-S stretching frequencies that are markedly different from those of oxomolydenum complexes coordinated to dianionic dithiolene ligands. The electronic structure of the ligand has been described in valence bond terms as a resonance hybrid of dithione and dizwitterionic dithiolene contributing structures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.