Control and supervision activities in the field of forest management are a type of activity of state authorities to detect, prevent forest violations. The purpose of this study is to analyse the dynamics and nature of violations in the forest sector on the example and in comparison of such regions of Russia as the Krasnodar territory and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research methodology is selected taking into account the characteristics of the object under study. With the assistance of employees of the environmental inspectorate, search operations were organized in the areas where the greatest amount of forest damage occurs in the studied regions. The authors concluded that one of the reasons for the existing problems is the lack of interest of the state in the development of this sector of economy. The paper focuses on specific types of forest violations and the problems of their prevention. The authors believe that illegal logging belongs to the most common and socially dangerous forest violations. The article concludes that when adopting new regulations for control and supervisory activities in the field of forest management, the legislator must take into account requirements of administrative reform, regulatory guillotine, and risk-based approach.
The paper considers the issues of forest reproduction by plantation type based on selection and genetic approaches in forest cultivation and forest seed production. The research explores the growth condition and regularities of common pine plus-trees, the best individuals with high-quality genetically determined traits for creating seed and vegetative seed plantations and further conducting breeding work are identified. There are findings on the genetic variability of trees on forest-seed plantations by ISSR markers on the example of common pine, identifying the existing gene pool of this species. Studies of forest reproduction by plantation type conducted throughout one republic or the planet as a whole provide preconditions for its improvement and higher efficiency of silvicultural works. Scientific and environmental institutions and authorities should join their efforts to develop effective measures to compensate for reforestation forest management.
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of environmental environmental factors on the health of residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the course of the work, the tasks set were studied to study the spatially distributed dynamics of the incidence of the region’s population in recent years, to analyze the impact of environmental pollution on the morbidity of the population, and to identify the dependence of the forest cover on the main health indicators of residents. The paper analyzes the relationship between indicators of the state of human health and the forest cover of the territory in the administrative regions of the region. In order to study the importance of trees for residents, a sociological survey of more than 1000 people was conducted among residents and guests of the capital of the republic on the effect of plantings on the health status of residents, their attitude to the environment and forest landscape. The well-being and health of people depends on the forest cover of the territory, therefore it is necessary to pay special attention to the forest, as one of the significant factors in improving the environment and the health of people.
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