Subgingival levels of bacteria associated with periodontitis did not change. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia counts were associated with BOP at week 12. A decrease was found in 17 of 37 species from week 12 to postpartum. Only counts of N. mucosa increased.

Introduction: The goal of regenerative periodontal therapy is the reconstitution of lost periodontal structures (i.e., the new formation of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone). Results from preclinical and clinical research in the last decade have provided evidence on the biologic rationale and clinical applications of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) protein in periodontal wound healing and regeneration. Case Presentations and Literature Overview: This paper will provide an overview of the biologic rationale for using enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) in regenerative periodontal therapy. Based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence, the main clinical indications for using EMD in regenerative periodontal therapy will be discussed. Conclusions: The available data provide evidence of the biologic rationale of EMPs to support periodontal wound healing and regeneration. The application of EMD in conjunction with a surgical access may result in substantial regeneration of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and bone, thus improving the clinical outcomes in intrabony, recession, and Class II furcation defects.

The present findings suggest that an association between GCF inflammatory mediator levels and APO might exist.