The current state of the opioid epidemic has revealed the need of utilizing proper pain management, especially in the postoperative setting where there is overuse of potent analgesics. However, the adequate treatment of pain is necessary to reduce mortality and cost of burden while increasing recovery and improving quality of life. Treatment of pain can be difficult to standardize as the guidelines from the American Pain Society discuss the importance of tailoring treatment options based on a patient's sensitivities and risk factors. An effective fast-acting analgesic with adequate potency and few adverse events is the key to alleviating acute pain. Oliceridine (Olinvyk ® , Trevena Inc., Chesterbrook, USA) is a novel G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonist designed to decrease opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs) compared to conventional opioids. This article discusses oliceridine's novel mechanism of action and current place in therapy. After a literature search on clinicaltrials.gov, three clinical trials were analyzed to understand the safety and efficacy of oliceridine. These trials demonstrated a comparable efficacy to morphine with a decreased risk for serious adverse events. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the true safety impact of oliceridine compared to conventional opioids.
Aversion to novel stimuli in autism affects quality of life. We developed a behavioral paradigm to study the effect of novel background odors on odor discrimination in mouse models of autism. We trained wild type mice to discriminate target odors in known background odors. When tested, mice could discriminate known targets in novel background odors, a task similar to the visual CAPTCHA used to distinguish humans from computers. Using glomerular imaging data, we showed that WT mice used an algorithm that required less training data than a linear classifier or nearest neighbor classifier. The Cntnap2−/− mouse model of autism matched wild type mice performance in the presence of known backgrounds, but performance fell almost to chance levels in the presence of novel backgrounds. Wild-type mice use a robust algorithm for detecting odors in novel environments and this computation is selectively affected in a mouse model of autism.
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