OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Globally, BC is rapidly becoming a major common health problem among women. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutrient intake patterns and BC risk among Jordanian women.METHODS: A total of 400 Jordanian women 20-65 years of age were recruited in this case-control study. Two hundred women recently diagnosed with BC were matched in age, income, and marital status to 200 BC-free women. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess nutrient intake patterns.RESULTS: In this study, 3 nutrient intake patterns were identified: a high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern; a high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern; and a high-fat nutrient intake pattern. A significant increase in BC risk was associated with the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient pattern (the highest for the fourth quartile; odds ratio [OR], 5.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 13.91; ptrend=0.001). In the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient pattern, a significant inverse trend was detected for the risk of BC. The high-fat nutrient pattern showed a significant direct association with BC risk in the third (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.58 to 9.51) and fourth (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.53 to 9.77) quartiles (ptrend=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in BC risk was detected for the high vitamin C and β-carotene nutrient intake pattern and the high-fat nutrient intake pattern. However, for the high calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D nutrient intake pattern, a significant inverse trend was observed.
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Background and Aims: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer that affects Jordanian women. Several studies highlighted the independent effect of various diet and lifestyle factors on the risk of BC. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between lifestyle factors and BC in a selected group of Jordanian woman. Methods: A case control study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017. A total of 400 Jordanian women 20-65 years of age were recruited. 200 of recently diagnosed BC patients were compared to 200 apparently healthy controls. BC patients were matched with controls in age, income and marital status. A package consisted of three structured questionnaires: Personal Information and Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) questionnaires were administered to all participants in this study. Results: Increasing in BMI was associated significantly and positively with BC risk (OR 1.80 (95%CI: 1.01-3.27), P-trend = 0.037). A significant inverse association has been found between BC and physical activity (OR 0.32 (95%CI: 0.13-0.80), P-trend = 0.021). A significant positive association was detected between BC and smoking (OR 4.38 (95%CI: 2.08-9.22), P-trend = 0.001), a significant negative effect of lactation in the risk of BC was found (OR 3.71(95%CI: 2.20-6.26), P-trend = 0.0001). Conclusion: A significant increase in BC risk was detected with Increasing in BMI and smoking, on the other hand a significant negative effect of lactation and physical activity in the risk of BC was found.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is considered the leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between macro- and micronutrient intake and BC risk among Jordanian women. A case-control design was used in this study, and BC patients were recruited from the main two hospitals provide cancer therapy in Jordan. Four hundred women aged 20-65 years of age were enrolled in the study. For the cases, 200 recently diagnosed BC women were selected from the two hospitals and matched in age and marital status to 200 BC-free women. Dietary data were collected through face-to-face interview using a validated food frequency questionnaire between October 2016 and September 2017. To calculate odds ratio (OR), logistic regression was used; while for p-trend the linear regression was performed. The study results demonstrated that increasing the intake of total energy and percentage of fat was significantly and positively associated with BC (p-= 0.001). The risk of BC increased significantly and positively as carbohydrate, sugar, fat, saturated fat and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids intake increased. A significant trend in BC risk was found for cholesterol (p-= 0.005). The ORs for higher intakes of vitamins E, B1, B2, and B3, folate and phosphorus showed a significant association with the risk of BC (p-trend =0.001). A significant inverse effect was detected between iron intake and BC risk (p-=0.001). The study findings resulted in insight of the associations between the total energy intake and some macro/micronutrients intake can be an increasing risk of BC.
Background: Breast cancer (BrC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a prominent cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association of grain and legume intakes and BrC risk among Jordanian women. Methods: A case-control design was used in this study. All BrC patients were taken from the main two hospitals in Jordan that offer cancer therapy. A total of 400 Jordanian women with 20-65 years of age were recruited in this case-control study. About 200 recently diagnosed BrC women were matched in age, income and marital status to 200 BrC-free women. Dietary data were gathered through in-person interview using a validated food frequency questionnaire between October 2016 and September 2017. Results: The weekly consumption of 1-6 servings of whole wheat bread showed >70% protected odds of having BrC, while the consumption of bulgur was significantly associated with great likelihood of having BrC (OR: 2.33, CI: 1.25-4.32). The consumption of 1-6 servings weekly of breakfast cereals had 72% lower risk of having BrC (p-trend: <0.001). The consumption of more than one serving per day of cooked white rice was detected to be associated with 7 folds higher chance of having BrC. The findings of this study also showed 90% protective odds of the consumption of 1-6 servings per week of cooked beans. Daily consumption of more than one serving of fried foods increased the risk of BrC; daily consumption of "Falafel" and fried potatoes had 256% and 515% higher risks of having BrC. Similar results were detected among overweight and obese participants. Conclusion:This study detected a few food items that may modify the risk of BrC. The findings highlighted the importance of quality of dietary choices and the significance of healthy foods in reducing disease risk.
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